Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwimveliso ye-HMC?

I-HEMC (Hydroxyyl Methyl Selelose) sisifo esibalulekileyo sesellulose i-Ether ikhutshiwe isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni, amayeza, ukutya kunye namanye amasimi. Kwinkqubo yayo yemveliso, zininzi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.

1. Ukukhetha kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo

1.1 I-seluplose
Ezona zinto ziphambili ze-HMC yi-sellyulose yendalo, ihlala ivela kwi-pulp okanye umqhaphu. Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zeSeluplose zimisela umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Ke ngoko, ubunyulu, ubunzima bomthombo kunye nomthombo wezinto eziluhlaza kubalulekile.
Ukucoceka: Ukucoceka okucocekileyo kufanele kukhethwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokungcola kwimveliso yemveliso.
Ubunzima bemolekyuli: I-seluplose yemilinganiselo yemolekyuli eyahlukeneyo iya kuchaphazela ukubenzela i-smobing kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo se-HMC.
Umthombo: Umthombo we-seluplose (njenge-pulp yenkuni, umqhaphu) umisela ubume kunye nokucoceka kwekhonkco leselfowuni.

1.2 I-Sodium hydroxide (NaHoh)
I-Sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa i-alkality ye-seluplose. Imele ukuba nobunyulu obuphakamileyo kwaye uxinzelelo lwalo kufuneka lulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukufana nokusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo.

1.3 I-E-ithonene oxide
Umgangatho kunye nokuphinda-phinda kwe-EOLYCLEE OXOXOOXOUCOOXOP ngokuthe ngqo iqondo le-ETTEXY PHIT. Ukulawula ubunyulu bayo kunye neemeko zokuphendula kunceda ukufumana inqanaba elifunekayo lokufaka kunye nemveliso yemveliso.

1.4 I-Metyl Chloride
I-methyting linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-HMC. Ubunyulu kunye neemeko zokuphendula ze-methyl chloride zinefuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lezigidi.

2. Inkqubo yenkqubo

2.1 Unyango lwe-alkali
Ukuphathwa kwe-alkali ye-selselose kwi-seluplose kwi-sodium hydroxide ukwenza amaqela e-hydroxyl kwi-cleculse ye-selselose molecular esebenzayo ngakumbi kunye ne-ithyreth.
Iqondo lokushisa: idla ngokuqhutywa kubushushu obuphantsi ukuphepha ukonakaliswa kweselfowuni.
Ixesha: Ixesha le-alkalition kufuneka lilawulwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba impendulo ikwanele kodwa ayigqithisi.

2.2 I-ETHEXYIRT
I-Etthoxyprep ibhekisa ekufakweni kwe-Alkality ye-Alkalid of Ethoynene oxide ivelise i-ethoxlose.

Iqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo: Ubungakanani bamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka lulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwe-ethoxyred.
Ixesha lokuphendula: Ixesha elide okanye ixesha elifutshane kakhulu liza kuchaphazela inqanaba lokufaka endaweni yemveliso.

I-methylity
I-Methyling yeSeluplose ye-methyl chloride yeFomu ye-Excalose-endaweni ye-Selexy.
Iimeko zokuphendula: kubandakanya ubushushu bokuphendula, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokuphendula, njl.njl.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-catalyst: I-Catalysts inokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo xa kufuneka njalo.

2.4 Ukungathathi cala kunye nokuhlamba
I-seluplose emva kokuphendula kufuneka ihlawule i-alkali eqhelekileyo kwaye ihlanjwe ngokupheleleyo ukususa iintsalela kunye neemveliso.
Ukuhlamba i-Peedrium: amanzi okanye umxube wamanzi we-Ethanol uhlala usetyenziswa.
Amaxesha okuhlamba kunye neendlela: kufuneka zilungiswe njengoko kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kweentsalela.

2.5 Ukomisa kwaye kutyumza
I-seluplose ehlanjiweyo kufuneka yomiswe kwaye ityunyuzwe ukuya kubungakanani obufanelekileyo bokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Iqondo lokushisa kunye nexesha: Kufuneka ulungelelene ukuphepha ukonakaliswa kwesekese.
Ubungakanani be -unticle ye-subsacle: kufuneka zilungiswe ngokweemfuno zesicelo.

3. Ulawulo loMgangatho

3.1 Isidanga sokufakwa kwemveliso
Intsebenzo ye-HMC inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nenqanaba lokufakwa endaweni (DS) kunye nokufakelwa okukhoyo. Kufuneka ifunyanwe yi-Nulelear Polsonces (i-NMR), i-infrared spectroscopy (ir) kunye nolunye tekhnoloji.

3.2 ukuluka
Ukunyibilika kweHMC yipharamitha ephambili kwisicelo sayo. Uvavanyo lokuphelisa kufuneka lwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo kunye nokusebenza kwe-viscofity kwimeko yesicelo.

3.3 Viscofity
I-viscosity ye-HMC ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo intsebenzo kwimveliso yokugqibela. I-viscosity yemveliso ilinganiswa ngumboniso ojikelezayo okanye i-capillary vismeter.

3.4 Ukucoceka kunye nentsalela
I-reactos kunye nokungcola kwimveliso kuya kuyichaphazela isiphumo sedatha sayo kwaye kufuneka sifumaneke ngokungqongqo kwaye silawulwa ngokungqongqo.

4. Ulawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye noKhuseleko

4.1 Unyango lweNkunkuma
Amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso kufuneka aphathwe ukuba ahlangabezane neemfuno zoKhuseleko lweNkcubeko.
Ukungathathi cala: I-AID kunye namanzi amdaka afanayo kufuneka athathwe.
Izinto eziphilayo ze-organic: Sebenzisa iindlela zebhayoloji okanye iikhemikhali zokunyanga izinto zezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka.

4.2 Ukukhutshwa kwegesi
Iigesi eziveliswe ngexesha lokuphendula (njenge-itholon oxide kunye ne-methyl chloride) kufuneka ziqokelelwe kwaye zinyangwe ukuthintela ungcoliseko.
I-Abcer tower: Iigesi eziyingozi zifakiwe kwaye zingathathi cala ziinqaba zokuqalisa.
Ukuqulunqa

4.3 UKUKHUSELEKO LOKHUSELEKO
Iichemicals ezinobungozi zibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwamachiza, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko.
Izixhobo eziKhuselayo: Nikezela ngezixhobo zokukhusela (i-PPE), ezinjengeigloves, iigogles, njl.

Inkqubo ye-ventilation: qinisekisa ukuba umoya ofanelekileyo wokususa iigesi eziyingozi.

4.4 UKWENZIWA KOMSEBENZI
Ukucutha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphuma kwenkunkuma yempahla nezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwenkqubo kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo.

I-5. Izinto zoqoqosho

5.1 Ulawulo lweendleko
Izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla yeyona mithombo iphambili yeendleko kwimveliso. Iindleko zemveliso zinokuncitshiswa ngokukhetha abathengisi abafanelekileyo kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

5.2 Imfuno yeNtengiso
Isikali semveliso kunye neenkcazo zemveliso kufuneka zilungiswe ngokwemfuno yentengiso yokuqinisekisa izibonelelo ezifanelekileyo zoqoqosho.

5.3 Uhlalutyo lokhuphiswano lokhuphiswano
Yenza uhlaziyo lokhuphiswano lwentengiso rhoqo, luhlengahlengisa ubume bemveliso kunye neendlela zokuvelisa, kunye nokomeleza ukhuphiswano lweentengiso.

I-6. Ukuveliswa kwetekhnoloji

6.1 Uphuhliso lwenkqubo entsha
Ngokuqhubekayo kuphuhlisa kwaye wamkele iinkqubo ezintsha zokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Umzekelo, phuhlisa i-catalysts entsha okanye ezinye iimeko zokuphendula.

6.2 Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso
Phucula kunye nokuphucula iimveliso ezisekwe kwingxelo yabathengi kunye nemfuno yentengiso, njengokuphuhlisa i-HEMC ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okufaka endaweni kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli.

6.3 Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo
Ngokwazisa iinkqubo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo, ukulawulwa nokungaguquguquki kwenkqubo yemveliso kunokuphuculwa kwaye iimpazamo zabantu zinokuncitshiswa.

I-7. Imigaqo kunye nemigangatho

IMigangatho yeMveliso
I-HMC ivelise iimfuno zokuthobela imigangatho efanelekileyo yeshishini kunye neemfuno zolawulo, ezinje ngemigangatho ye-ISO, imigangatho yesizwe, njl.

7.2 IMEMSEBENZI ESIPHAKAMILEYO
Inkqubo yemveliso kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo yengingqi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko, nokukhusela indalo esingqongileyo.

7.3 Imigaqo yokhuseleko
Inkqubo yemveliso kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo yemveliso yokhuseleko yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuthembeka komsebenzi.

Inkqubo yemveliso ye-HMC yinkqubo enzima nenobungqina. Ukusuka ekukhetheni izinto eziphezulu zempahla, ulungelelwaniso lweparamitha yenkqubo, uLawulo lweMigangatho, Ulawulo loKhuseleko lwezeNdalo kwiNgqondo Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ye-HMC kunokuphuculwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuvumelana nemfuno yentengiso.