Zithini iindidi zamanzi e-cosmetic

Amantshontsho asakhiwo skeleton kunye nesiseko esiphambili sezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kwaye zibalulekile kwimbonakalo, iipropathi ze-RIOL, uzinzo, kunye nolusu luziva zineemveliso. Khetha isetyenziswe rhoqo kwaye imele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezinkulu, zilungiselele kwizisombululo ezizenziweyo kunye neempawu zazo zomzimba kunye nezandla ezinjengeempawu ezichazayo, kwaye zisebenzise izilonda zexabiso ngexesha nasemva kokusetyenziswa. Iimvavanyo zemvakalelo zenziwa kwizikhombisi, kwaye noncwadi lwakhangelwa ukuba lishwankathele kwaye lukhawuleze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhulethi, ezinokubonelela ngereferensi ethile yoyilo oluthile lwefospotic.

1. Inkcazo ye-tickener

Zininzi izinto ezinokusetyenziswa njengamanzi amakhulu. Ukusuka kwimbono yobunzima bemolekyuli, kukho i-thi chursur ephantsi kunye neentyatyambo eziphezulu; Ukusuka kwimbono yamaqela asebenzayo, kukho i-electrolyte, i-alcolt, i-amilboxylic acids kunye nee-esters, njl njl. Iziqwengana zihlelwa ngokwendlela yokuhlela kwezinto eziluhlaza.

1. Ubunzima obuphantsi kwemolekyuli

1.1.1 Iityuwa ze-inrganic

Inkqubo esebenzisa ityuwa ye-inorganic njengoko i-thi choner yeyona nkqubo i-surfkenest yenkqubo yesisombululo. Eyona isetyenziswayo isetyenziswa i-inorganic yetyuwa ye-sodickic yi-sodium chloride, enefuthe elibonakalayo. I-surfacapes fomu i-SIMEESS kwisisombululo esinamandla, kwaye ubukho be-electrolyxes unyusa inani lemibutho yemifanekiso, ekhokelela kwinguqu yemithambo ye-rod, yandisa ukumelana nentshukumo yenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-electrolyte igqithisile, iya kuchaphazela ubume beMilevar, ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki, kunye nokunciphisa i-viscofity yenkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba "ukuvelisa". Ke ngoko, isixa se-electrolyte songezwa yi-1% -2% nge-Mass, kwaye isebenza kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-thi chunga ukwenza inkqubo izinzile ngakumbi.

1.1.2 Amanqatha anqabileyo, amanqatha aasids

I-Acids enamafutha kunye namafutha acids zizinto eziphilayo. Amanqaku amanye amanqaku azijonga njengemisebenzi ye-onoinic kuba enamaqela angama-lipophilic kunye namaqela e-hydrophilic. Ubukho benani elincinci lezinto eziphilayo ezinefuthe elibonakalayo kwimpikiswano engaphezulu, ye-OMC kunye nezinye iipropathi ze-surfacnt, kwaye ubungakanani bempembelelo bunyuka ngobude be-carbon, ngokubanzi kubudlelwane obuncinci. Umgaqo-siseko wesenzo kukuba amanqatha anamafutha kunye ne-acid enamafutha anokufaka (Joyina) Imifanekiso ye-sulls Iziphumo ze-hydrogen bound phakathi kweentloko ze-polar) zenza ukuba iimolekyuli ezimbini zilungelelanise eziphezulu, ezitshintsha kakhulu iipropathi zemifanekiso ye-suefles kwaye izuze isiphumo sokutyibilika.

2. Ukwahlulahlulahlula

2.1 I-UN-Ionic Surephocapes

2.1.1 Iityuwa ze-Inorganic

I-sodium pheride, i-potangasium chloride, i-ammonium chloride, i-monothanolamine, i-feethanolamine, i-sodium phosfate, i-shredium phosphate phosphate, njl.;

2.1.2 I-AIDS EYENZIWEYO NOKUGQIBELA AIDS

Lauryl Alcohol, Myristyl Alcohol, C12-15 Alcohol, C12-16 Alcohol, Decyl Alcohol, Hexyl Alcohol, Octyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Behenyl Alcohol, Lauric Acid, C18-36 Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, etc.;

2.1.3 Alkanolams

I-Coco diethanomide, Coco Monooethalomide, Coco Monoisopropanabunama, I-Lairoyl-LinoleAlamide, i-I-Issteary Siethanomide, I-Carrimom Dethanomide, ioyile I-Diethanomide, i-Palm Monoride, I-Castor Olli Giethanomide, Stearin Fethanomide, I-Stearin FetalolaMside, I-Stearin Feetalide, Pelythylene I-Glycol) -3 i-lauramide, i-peg-4 oleleamide, i-peg-50 ye-Teg-50 ye-Teg.;

2.1.4 Abo bakaManu

I-COTLL POOXY YOREOXYETYETYETLE (3) I-ETER POLOXYYTY (10) I-EREL POLYLLXYLYPOPLYPOPLYPOPLYPOPYPOPLEEN) 407), njl.;

2.1.5 Essters

I-Peg-80 Glyceryl Talters, i-Pec-8ppg (Polypropgylene Glycol) -3 I-Teg-200 I-Teg-200 I-Teg-I-N = 1, 8, 150) I-Glycryl ye-Teg-18 I-Oleate / Cocoate, i-Peg-8 Dialeate, i-Peg-200 Glyceryl Stearate, Peg-I-Teg-I-Teg-I-Teg-I-Teg-I-Teg-120 Methyl Glucoe Stealete, I-Peg-55 propylene Glycol Oleate, i-Peg-160 Sorbibitan Triisosterate, i-Peg-N = 80 / i-Pelythyl / i-Pelythyl / i-Pelythy / i-Petacl / i-Pearyl / i-Pegli Copolymer, Peg-90. I-Imostearate, Peg-8ppg-3 i-Dilaurate, Callimet, Cntaene Glycorate, Pentaerythrit Stearate, Pentaerythrit Stearate, Gontaerythrit Stearate, Glycerylth, Glyceryl trihydrongstearate, njl.;

2.1.6 I-Amine Oxide

I-Myristyl Amine oxide, I-Iyosteryl Aminoptropyl Amine oxide, i-Coconut ye-Aminopropyl Amine Amine Amine Amine, i-Teg-3 Lauryl Amine oxide, njl.;

2.2 I-Ampphoryc surfupeAnts

I-COTEL BETESE, Coco Aminubeulfobeane, njl.;

2.3 I-ANAINCEARDURS

I-potassium oleate, potassium stearate, njl.;

2.4 I-polymers enyibilikayo yamanzi

2.4.1 Iseli

I-SellUlose, Selesupese Gum, Carxboydmethyl Hydroxythl Sellulose, Hydroxyropyl Selelose, HydroxyEsel Itylulose, i-HydroxyEsel Sellulose, iFletbox I-seluplose, njl.;

2.4.2 Polyoxyylene

I-Peg-n (n = 5m, 9m, i-9m, i-23m, i-45m, 90m, i-90m, i-160m), njl.;

2.4.3 Polyacrylic acid

I-Acrylates / c10-30 Alkyl Acrylater Prosspolly, i-Acrylates / i-Crylate Copolymer, i-Acrylates / i-Acrylates / i-Acrylates / i-Acrylates Itaconate Copolymer, Acrylates/Octadecane Ethoxy(20) Methacrylate Copolymer, Acrylate/Ocaryl Ethoxy(50) Acrylate Copolymer, Acrylate/VA Crosspolymer, PAA (Polyacrylic Acid), Sodium Acrylate/ Vinyl isodecanoate crosslinked polymer, Carbomer (polyacrylic acid) kunye netyuwa yayo yesodium, njl.;

2.4.4 Irabha yendalo kunye neemveliso zayo eziguqulweyo

I-Algic Acid kunye ne-Amoniium, ikhalsium, i-potassium), i-gectun, i-sodium gum, i-calcourh gum, i-rugran gum, i-gum.;

2.4.5 Iipolymers ze-inorganic kunye neemveliso zabo eziguqulweyo

Magnesium aluminum, i-silica, i-sodium silneium, i-rontmoring, i-tearyl ammollorlonite, i-tearyl ammoring - I-Amomoium -18 hector, njl.;

2.4.6 Abanye

I-PVM / Maviediene enqamleze i-polymer ye-polymer ye-Polyvinyl Methyl Ether / Methyl Acrylates, i-PVP (Polyvinylpylpyl.;

2.5 surfciants

2.5.1 Alkanolams

Esona sisetyenziselwa i-coconut diethanomide. I-Alkanalides iyahambelana ne-electrolytes yokutyibilika kwaye zinike iziphumo ezilungileyo. Indlela yokuthambisa i-alkanolams yindlela yokudibana ne-anaion suelic suelles ukwenza ulwelo olungelulo lwaseNewtonian. Ii-alkanalosas ezahlukeneyo zinemahluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni, kwaye iziphumo zabo zikwahlukile xa zisetyenziswa yedwa okanye zidibene. Amanye amanqaku axela amanye amabala aqaqambileyo kunye nokutshaya kwe-alkanalams ezahlukeneyo. Kutshanje, kuchaziwe ukuba i-alkanalides inengozi enokubakho yokuvelisa i-nitrosagenin ye-carcinogenic xa zenziwa kwizinto ze-cosmetics. Phakathi kokungcola kwe-alkanalides yimitha yamakhulu, enokuba yimithombo enokubakho ye-nitrosamines. Okwangoku akukho luvo lusemthethweni kwishishini lokhathalelo lobuqu malunga nokuba bala i-alkanalides kwi-cosmetics.

2.5.2 Khumkani

Kwindlela yokutyunjwa ngamafutha otywala Polyooxyylene Ether Slodium Sulfate (AES) njengeyona nto isebenzayo, ngokubanzi i-inorganic kuphela i-Inorganic ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlengahlengisa i-viscofity efanelekileyo. Izifundo zibonakalisile ukuba oku kungenxa yobukho botywala obungakhange bube notywala obungafunekiyo kwi-AES, enokuba negalelo ekuthambekeni kwesisombululo se-surfaction. Uphando olunzulu lufumanise ukuba: Inqanaba le-ethoxyption limalunga ne-3eo okanye i-10eo ukuba idlale eyona ndima. Ukongeza, isiphumo esihlekisayo sokutsala i-ethoxylates enamafutha anokwenziwa kakhulu ngokusasazwa kobubanzi bee-alcohols ezingenamsebenzi kunye neelanga eziqulathwe kwiimveliso zabo. Xa ukusasazwa kwee-homologs kubanzi, iziphumo zokonwaba kwemveliso zihlwempuzekile, kwaye i-shoriction isasazile iilanga, kokukhona isiphumo esikhulu esinokufunyanwa.

2.5.3 Ii-Esters

Ezona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa. Kutshanje, i-peg-8ppg-3 i-diisostearate, i-peg-90 Diisostearate kunye ne-Peg-8ppg-3 i-Dinaite inikwe ingxelo phesheya. Olu hlobo lwe-gickener lwelokwe-ion-ionic tickener, ikakhulu isetyenziswe kwiNkqubo yeSisombululo se-ACTFEAT. Ezi zinzwane azinamdla ngokulula kwaye zinophawu oluzinzileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH kunye nobushushu. Okwangoku eyona isetyenziswayo isetyenziswayo yi-Peg-150. Amacala asetyenziswa njengamanzi amaninzi ngokubanzi aneemolekyuli ezinkulu zemolekyuli, ke zinezinto ezithile ze-polymer. Indlela yokuqaqamba ibangelwa kukusekwa kwenethiwekhi ye-hydraciment yeendlela ezintathu kwiSigaba seMeko, ngaloo ndlela ibandakanyiwe midelicgement miel. Ezo zinto zikhohlisa njengeemolliners kunye nabarhanisi ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwabo njengamanzi amakhulu kwizinto eziphakamileyo.

2.5.4 I-Amine Oxide

Amine oxide is a kind of polar non-ionic surfactant, which is characterized by: in aqueous solution, due to the difference of the pH value of the solution, it shows non-ionic properties, and can also show strong ionic properties. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezingathathi cala okanye i-alkaline, oko kukuthi, xa i-PH inkulu okanye ilingane no-7, i-amine oxide ingekho phantsi kwesisombululo esingelilo isisombululo, esibonisa i-ingoness. Kwisisombululo se-acidic, sibonisa ukreqo obuthathaka. Xa i-PH yesisombululo ingaphantsi kwe-3, i-curesity ye-amine oxide icacile, ukuze isebenze kakuhle nge-ceric, i-anaion, i-suinidic surfacial phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubonisa ifuthe elingqilekileyo. I-amine oxide i-ticker esebenzayo. Xa i-PH i-6.4-7.5, Alkyl Dimyethyl Amine Oxide ingenza i-viscosity ye-viethyl dimyethyl dimyethyl dimine ayiyi kunciphisa ityiwa.

2.5.5 Abanye

Ii-Interkent ezimbalwa kunye neeSoaps zinokusetyenziswa njengamanzi amakhulu. Indlela yabo yokuqaqamba iyafana nezo ezinye iimolekyuli ezincinci, kwaye zonke zifezekisile isiphumo sokuqaqamba ngokusebenzisana nemifanekiso emiselweyo. I-SOAPS inokusetyenziselwa ukuthambisa kwi-cosmetics ye-cosmetics, kwaye i-Betaine isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo zamanzi e-sundorm.

I-2.6 i-polymer ye-pickerer

Iinkqubo eziphumeleziwe zii-polymeric ezininzi azichaphazelekanga yi-PH yesisombululo okanye uxinzelelo lwe-electrolyte. Ukongeza, abantu base-Polymers bafuna isixa esincinci sokufezekisa i-viscofity efunekayo. Umzekelo, imveliso ifuna i-tickener e-tickener efana ne-coconut ye-oyile diethanomide eneqhezu le-3.0%. Ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifanayo, kuphela i-fiber i-0.5% ye-polymer ecacileyo yanele. Uninzi lwamanzi anyibilikayo anyibiliki asetyenziswa njengamanzi amakhulu kumzi-mveliso we-cosmetic, kodwa asetyenziswa njengamashishini okumisa, abasasazi kunye neearhente zokuzila.

2.6.1 Iseluplose

I-seluplose yi-tickener esebenzayo kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezisekwe emanzini kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-cosmetics. I-SellUlose yinto yemvelo yendalo, ephindaphindiweyo ye-GLUcodode ye-glucode, kunye neyunithi nganye ye-GLUCODL iqulethe amaqela ama-3 e-hydroxyl, apho anokwenziwa khona izinto ezahlukeneyo. I-Slelyulons i-ticeleiners ikhula nge-hydication emide emide, kunye nenkqubo ye-selsulose-i-selselose-ted ibonisa i-morphology ye-pseudosticasticasticastic morphology. Iqhezu elisasazo ngokubanzi lokusetyenziswa malunga ne-1%.

2.6.2 Polyacrylic acid

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqaqambileyo ze-tickerilic acidlic acid, ezizezi-hlangothi i-thempelting thesthening kunye ne-hydrogen bond tyakkeng. Ukungathathi cala kunye nokutyibilika kukuphawula i-acidic polyacylic acid tickener kwi-iiolekyuli yayo kwaye ivelise iindleko ezimbi ecaleni kwePolymer. Ukubuyiselwa phakathi kweentlawulo zesondo ezifanayo kukhuthaza iimolekyuli zokulungisa kwaye zivule ukwenza inethiwekhi. Ulwakhiwo lufezekisa isiphumo sokuqaqamba; I-hydrogen boing tiking kukuba i-tickener ye-acidrylic acidlic idityaniswa namanzi ukwenza imolekyuli ye-10% -20 ye-e-Ionic) idityaniswe kwimolekyuli ye-curly yenkqubo yokufikelela kwi-A Isiphumo sokuqaqamba. Iinqobo ezahlukeneyo ze-PL, ukungathathi cala ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukho beetyuwa ezinyibilikayo zinempembelelo enkulu kuhlobo lwenkqubo yokuthambisa. Xa ixabiso le-pH lingaphantsi kwesi-5, uVekkosity uyanda ngokunyuka kwexabiso le-pH; Xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-5-10, i-vickosity iphantse ingaguqukanga; Kodwa njengoko ixabiso le-pH lisaqhubeka likhula, ukusebenza ngokukuko kuya kuncipha kwakhona. I-ions engaqhelekanga inciphisa kuphela ukusebenza kwenkqubo, ngelixa i-divanty okanye ii-ions ezinqabileyo ayinakuphela le nkqubo, kodwa ikwavelisa i-PARSCITITITS xa umxholo wanele.

2.6.3 Irabha yendalo kunye neemveliso zayo eziguqulweyo

I-gum yendalo ikakhulu ibandakanya i-collagen kunye ne-polysaccharides, kodwa i-gum yendalo isetyenziswa njenge-gicker ikakhulu polysaccharides. Indlela yokuqaqamba kukwenza ubume benethiwekhi ye-hydrest yenethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa amaqela amathathu e-hydroxyl kwiyunithi yePolysacCrearade enemolekyuli yamanzi, ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokuqaqamba. Iindlela ze-ROOOOOOOOL zesisombululo zazo zezaziso zazo zii-fluids ezingengomatsha, kodwa iipropathi ze-ROOOOOORTE zezisombululo ze-dilutes zisondele kulwelo lwaseNewtonian. Iziphumo zabo zokuthambisa zihlala zinxulumene nexabiso le-pH, ubushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye izicombululo zenkqubo. Esi sisiqwengana esisebenzayo kakhulu, kwaye idosi ngokubanzi yi-0.1% -1.0%.

2.6.4 I-inorganic polymers kunye neemveliso zabo eziguqulweyo

I-Inorganic Polymers i-thiceremers i-thiceremers i-thicemers ngokubanzi inesakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu okanye ubume obuyekiweyo. Olona ntlobo lubalulekileyo lweempawu zorhwebo zeMontmorillonite kunye neHector. Indlela yokuthambisa kukuba xa i-inorganic polymer ichithwe emanzini, i-ion yentsimbi kuyo ivela kwi-wafer, njengoko i-shistare iqhubeka, ikhutshiwe, kwaye iphulukene nokusekwa kwe-Anellar Crystals crystals ye-anefar. kunye ne-ion yentsimbi kwi-colloidal efikayo. Kule meko, i-lamellae inomgangatho ongaphezulu kunye nenani elincinci letyala elifanelekileyo kwiikona zawo ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-lattice. Kwisisombululo esisesimongo, izityholo ezingalunganga kumphezulu zikhulu kunezityholo ezifanelekileyo ezimbombeni, kwaye amasuntso aphindayo, ngoko akwabikho mpembelelo. Ngokuqulunqwa kunye nokugxininiswa kwe-electrolyte, uxinzelelo lwe-ions kwisisombululo kunye nesigebenga somphezulu weLamellae siyancipha. Ngeli xesha, olona hlobo luphambili luvela kumandla aphindaphindiweyo phakathi kweLamellae kwi-Lamellae phakathi kwe-lamellae, kunye ne-corallel ye-computer inxibelelene kunye ne-gesills ebizwa ngokuba yi-ticketion. Ukonyuka kwe-ion kuya kutshabalalisa Isakhiwo