Iindidi kunye nendlela yokuthambisa ye-tickers esekwe emanzini

I-1. Iindidi zeetrickeiners kunye nendlela yokuthambisa

(1) Inorganic tickener:
Iziqwengana ze-inorganic kwiinkqubo ezisekwe emanzini zizingcingo. Njenge: Bentotite. I-Kaolin kunye ne-diatomaceous yomhlaba (eyona nto iphambili yiSio2, enesakhiwo esinentloko) ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa njengamanzi ancedisayo kwiinkqubo zokutsalwa ngenxa yepropathi yazo. I-Bentote isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokunganyamezelwa kwamanzi. I-Bentotite (Bennite), ekwabizwa ngokuba yiBentotite, iBennite, njl njl. The expansion performance of bentonite is expressed by expansion capacity, that is, the volume of bentonite after swelling in dilute hydrochloric acid solution is called expansion capacity, expressed in ml/gram. Emva kokuba i-Bentote Ginkener ifumana amanzi kunye nokuhlanjwa, umthamo unokufikelela kumaxesha alishumi okanye amaxesha alishumi ngaphambi kokuba afune amanzi, kwaye ke unesifo esinemifanekiso enesidima kwinkqubo ehlekisayo. Umzimba unobulungisa obuhle. Ukongeza, ngelixa ivelisa ukunqunyanyiswa, inokuqhuba ezinye iipowuti ukuvelisa isiphumo esithile sokuchasana, ngoko ke kuluncedo kakhulu ukuphucula ukugcinwa kozinzo lwenkqubo.

Kodwa i-Bentotes ezininzi ezisekwe kwi-sodium-esekwe kwi-betcium esekwe kwi-banttoite nge-sodium yokuguqula. Kwangelo xesha linye lokwazisa, inani elikhulu leoyile elungileyo efana ne-calcium kunye ne-sodium ze-ion ziya kuveliswa. Ukuba umxholo wezi ntlawulo kwinkqubo uphakame kakhulu, isixa esikhulu sentlawulo yokungathathi cala siya kwenziwa kwizityholo ezimbi kumphezulu we-emulsion, kangangoko, kunokubangela ukuba ukudumba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Emolsion. Kwelinye icala, ezi ze-calcium ziya kuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwi-sodium Suterals (okanye i-polyphotele isisasazi), kubangela ukuba aba basasazi basebenzise inkqubo yokusasazeka, ekugqibeleni bakhupha ukukhululeka, ukuthambisa okanye ukuthambisa okanye ukukhululwa okanye ukukhulu. I-STRAPE YOKUGQIBELA NOKUGQIBELA Ukongeza, isiphumo sokuqaqamba kweBenankani sixhomekeke ikakhulu kumgubo wokufumana amanzi kwaye sandise ukuvelisa isiphumo senkqubo yokuthintela, oko kungathandekiyo kwiimpahla ezinomsebenzi ofunekayo. Ke ngoko, ii-bantganite ze-bantganic inorganic zinqabile ukuba zisetyenziswe kwipeyinti ye-Latex, kwaye kuphela i-tickeriners kwi-paickers kwi-paints ye-patex ye-Latex okanye i-pietx ye-piets. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-data enye ibonise ukuba i-hitones 'ye-biton®lt. I-Hougergy kunye ne-Hecien Deactor ineempembelelo ezilungileyo ze-anti-sediment kunye ne-atomisis xa isetyenziswa kwi-Fetex Peep Spied Spings sping Spraight Speintional Spraight.

(2) Iseli:
I-seluplose yi-polymer ephezulu eyenziwe nge-prountence ye-β-glucose. Sebenzisa iimpawu zeqela le-hydroxyl kwi-glucosyl ring, isellulose inokusabela ngokwahlukeneyo ukuvelisa uthotho lwezinto ezizayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukugcuma kunye nokuphendula kwe-etheriyahesi kufunyenwe. I-selselose ye-Sell okanye i-selsulose i-ether derivetives zezona zibalulekileyo zeselselose. Iimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziswayo yi-carboxymethyl sellise, hydroxyythy seluplose, methyl seluplose, hydroxypropyl methyl sethyl sethyl sethyl Because carboxymethyl cellulose contains sodium ions that are easily soluble in water, it has poor water resistance, and the number of substituents on its main chain is small, so it is easily decomposed by bacterial corrosion, reducing the viscosity of the aqueous solution and making it smelly, etc. Phenomenon, rarely used in latex paint, generally used in low-grade polyvinyl alcohol glue paint and I-PATTY. Ireyithi yokuchithwa kwamanzi ye-methylcelculose iphantsi kancinci kune-hydroxythlcelose. Ukongeza, kunokubakho inani elincinci lemicimbi eguqukayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokupheliswa, eya kuthi ichaphazele imbonakalo kwaye ivakale ngefilimu ehlekisayo, ngoko ke ayifane isetyenziswe kwipeyinti ye-Latex. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lomphezulu we-methyl ackeghl lusezantsi kunesona sisombululo se-selulose, ngenxa yoko sisifo esihle se-tickener esetyenziswa e-Itty. I-Hydroxypropyl Methylcelcelcelose ikwasisisele i-tickener esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo le-putty, kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-calty esekwe kwimozulu okanye i-calcium esekwe kwi-calty (okanye enye i-Inorgaum-okanye enye i-Inorgaum-okanye enye i-inorgaum esekwe). I-HydroxyEtheetheetheetheetheetheethy isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zepeyinti ye-Latex ngenxa yokufa nokugcina amanzi kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-seluploses, inefuthe elincinci ekusebenzeni kwefilimu. Izibonelelo ze-hydroxythl sellise zibandakanya ukulungisa impumelelo enkulu, ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo, uzinzo oluhle lokugcina, kunye ne-hle elungileyo uzinzo lwe-vikosity. Izinto ezingalunganga zingamanzi ahleliyo kwi-fluidity kunye nokungaxhathisi kakubi splash. Ukwenzela ukuphucula ezi mpazamo, ukulungiswa kwe-hydrophobic kuvele. I-HeldroxyEthylcelcelcelcelcelose (hec) enje ngo-Narolsolpluslusplusluspluss330, 331

(3) I-Polycarylates:
Kule polycarboxyboxylate, ubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli yi-gickerer, kwaye ubunzima obuphantsi be-molecular kukusasazeka. Bakhululeka ikakhulu iimolekyuli zamanzi kwikhonkco eliphambili lenkqubo, enyusa ukubonwa kwesigaba sokusasazeka; Ukongeza, banokubekwa kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-Latex ukwenza ungqingo oluphambili, olonyusa ubungakanani be-teadex, i-tickens yomenzi we-tempheration, kwaye yonyusa i-viscofity yesigaba sangaphakathi se-latex. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwe-thi cokener lunendlela esebenza ngokuqinileyo, ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe isuswe kwizicelo eziqengqelekayo. Ngoku olu hlobo lwe-thi cokener lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ekuthambekeni kombala, kuba ubunzima bayo bungaphezulu, kunjalo luncedo ekusasazeni nasekugcinweni kombala.

(4) I-Alkali-Sweller Fickener:
Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeAlkali-Swellegines Fickegers: I-Alkali eqhelekileyo yeAlkali-Swelled kunye ne-Alkali. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ngumahluko kwi-monologi ehambelana nayo ikwikhonkco eliphambili lemolekyuli. Izizwe zeAlkali-Swellegings zingenamatshini wokudibanisa izinto ezinokuthi zenze umsebenzi we-chain, emva koko emva kokunyanzelwa kwesisombululo, i-Intra-Molecular okanye i-MAECUROMORURE okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-Momeletor okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-Momeletor okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-molecular okanye i-vis-molecular yenkqubo yokuphakama ngokukhawuleza.

a. I-Alkali-Sweller Shickener:

Owona mzekelo umele imveliso yemveliso ye-alkali-swellenerd swickener yi-ASE-60. I-ASE-60 ikakhulu yamkela i-copolymerization ye-methacrylic acid kunye ne-Ethyl Acrylate. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-copolymerizazazazaring, ii-akhawunti ze-methacrylic acid malunga ne-1/3 yomxholo oqinileyo, kuba ubukho bamaqela e-carboryl yenza ukuba i-moleclor the cydrophibiisity inomgangatho othile we-hydrophibicity, kwaye ihlukumeza inkqubo yokwenza netyuwa. Ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwentlawulo, iimolekyuli zandisiwe, eziyonyusa i-viscosity yenkqubo kwaye ivelise ifuthe elibi. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ubunzima bemolekyuli bukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo se-arhente ye-arhente yokudibanisa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwandiswa kwe-molecular thein, i-molecular thein ayisasazeki kakuhle ngexesha elifutshane. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugcina ixesha elide, ikhonkco le-molecular lithe ngokuthe ngcembe, elizisa iposti ye-vickosity. Ukongeza, kuba zimbalwa iindlela ze-hydrophobic kwi-molecular yohlobo lwe-tickener, akukho lula ukwenza i-molemolebic ye-hidrophotuc, ke olu hlobo lwe-gickener lusebenzise impumelelo yodwa. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngokudibeneyo nezinye ii-flachole.

b. Umbutho (compard) Chwetheza i-Alkali Chuff:

Olu hlobo lwe-thi cokener ngoku luneentlobo ezininzi ngenxa yokhetho lwabasebenzi bobuchwephesha kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo semolekyuli. Isakhiwo sayo esiphambili sikwabanjiwe ikakhulu yi-tethacrylic acid kunye ne-Ethyl Acrylate, kwaye oonogrisi abasebenza njenge-antenname kwisakhiwo, kodwa sisixa esincinci sosasazo. Ngawo abagqirha bomibini abanjenge-octopus i-octopus edlala eyona ndima ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo ye-thi chickener. Iqela lebhokisi ye-carboxyl kwisakhiwo asithathi cala kunye nokuqulunqa ityuwa, kwaye i-chain ye-molecular ikwafana ne-alkali-sweller shickenerd. Ukubuyiselwa imali efanayo kwenzeka, ukuze i-molecular iphoswe. I-monomer sobuninzi kuyo nayo yanda ne-molecular thein, kodwa isakhiwo saso sinamakhonkco amakhulu e-hydrophobic, ke imeko enkulu ye-mielvar ifana nemolekyuli okanye phakathi kweemolekyuli. Ezi milles ziveliswa yi-adsormd ye-monosm monors, kunye nolunye uhlobo lwe-monomers evumayo ngefuthe lokuvala kwamasuntswana ee-Enulsion (okanye amanye amasuntswana). Emva kokuba kuveliswe imizekeliso, balungisa amasuntswana ase-emulsion, iimolekyuli zamanzi okanye amanye amasuntswana kwinkqubo yemeko efihliweyo, ukuze i-Molecules yele meko (okanye amasuntswana) awenziweyo kwaye umzobo wenkqubo uyanda. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kakuhle kolu hlobo lwe-tickener, ngakumbi kwipeyinti ye-latex ngomxholo ophezulu we-emulsion, kungaphezulu kakhulu kuleyo yeziqwengana ze-alkali-ezifihlakeleyo, ngoko ke isetyenziswe upeyinti. Ummeli wemveliso ephambili lohlobo yi-TT-935.

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Ngokubanzi, iziqwengana zineemolekyuli eziphezulu kakhulu (ezinje ngeselselese kunye ne-acrylic acid), kwaye amakhonkco awo eemolekyuli awoluliwe kwisisombululo senkqubo. Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-polyurethane (okanye i-polyeteter) incinci kakhulu, kwaye ubukhulu becala kukunxibelelana kwe-van der ibuthathaka, kodwa unxibelelwano lusenziwa phantsi kwamandla athile angaphandle. Ukwahlula, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa i-viscofity, kulungele ukuqhutywa kwefilimu ehlekisayo, ukuze idlale indima yearhente yokulinganisa. Xa umkhosi wesherale uyapheliswa, unokuphinda aqhubeke nokunxibelelana, kwaye uVekyuli weNkqubo unyuka. Le nto iluncedo ukunciphisa i-viscofity kunye nokunyusa umgangatho ngexesha lokwakhiwa; Kwaye emva kokuba amandla eShear elahlekile, i-viccovity iya kubuyiselwa kwangoko ukonyusa ubukhulu befilimu ehlekisayo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, sinexhala ngakumbi malunga nefuthe elibi laba bantu banxulumana nabo kwi-Polymer AmulSotions. Amasuntswana aphambili e-Polymer Putex athathe inxaxheba kuMbutho weNkqubo, ukuze olo hlobo lwearhente yokuthambisa kunye nenqanaba lokukhulisa ikwanemiphumo ehleliyo (okanye i-Grought) xa iphantsi kakhulu kunoxinzelelo lwayo olubalulekileyo; Xa uxinzelelo lolu hlobo lwearhente yokutyibilika kunye nenqanaba lokulinganisa xa liphezulu kakhulu kunoxinzelelo lwayo olubalulekileyo, inokwenza izinto ezenziwa ngulo, kwaye i-vickosity iphakama ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, xa olu hlobo lwearhente yokutyibilika kunye nenqanaba lokulinganisa lingaphantsi kunexinzelelo lwayo olubalulekileyo, kuba amasuntswana e-Latex athabatha inxaxheba kumbutho wenxalenye, owona mbutho wesahlulo se-emulsion, owomeleleyo uya kukhula ngokuphunyulwa kwenani le-Emoulsion. Ukongeza, abanye abasasazi (okanye abakhulu) baqulunqe ii-hydrophoblic ze-hydrophobic, kunye namaqela abo e-hydrophobic banxibelelana nezo zePolyurethane, ukuze inkqubo yenze ukuba inkqubo ibe yindawo enkulu yenethiwekhi, elungele ukuqaqamba.

I-2. Iziphumo zezinto ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula amanzi kwipeyinti ye-Latex

Kwindlela yokwenziwa kweepeyinti ezisekwe emanzini, ukusetyenziswa kweetrichole yikhonkco elibaluleke kakhulu, elinxulumene neepropathi ezininzi zepeyinti ye-Latex, ezinjengokwakha, ukukhula kombala, ukugcinwa kunye nokubonakala. Apha sigxile kwifuthe lokusetyenziswa kwee-thi chuisk ekugcinweni kwepeyinti ye-latex. Ukusuka kwintshayelelo engentla, siyakwazi ukuba iBentonite kunye nebhokisi yePolycarylates: Amantshontsho asetyenziswa ikakhulu kwezinye iingubo ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezingayi kuxoxwa apha. Siya kuxoxa ngeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo isetyenziswa kakhulu i-sellyulose, ialkali i-Alkali, kunye nePolyserthane (okanye iPolyteeter) ezinkulu, zibodwa, zichaphazela ukwahlulwa kwamanzi kwepeyinti ye-upex paints.

Nangona ukuthambisa nge-hydroxythyl seluplose kuphela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqalisweni kwamanzi, kulula ukushukumisa ngokulinganayo. Ukusetyenziswa okukodwa kwe-alkali Subleng ayinanxalenye yokwahlula amanzi kunye nokuchama kodwa ukuthambeka okuthe kratya emva kokuthambisa. Ukusetyenziswa okukodwa kwePolyurrethane tiking, nangona ukwahlulwa kwamanzi kunye nokutyibilika kwamanzi kunye nokuthambisa i-curicketion ayinabunzima, kodwa i-chappiating ivele, kodwa ivele ivelisiwe kwaye kunzima ukuyikhuthaza. Kwaye iyamthanda i-hydroxyylyl seluplose nolkali ukudumba okuthambileyo, akukho sithuba seposti, akukho lula, kulula ukuvusa, kodwa kukho nenani elincinci lamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-hydroxythy seluplose kunye ne-polyurethane zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa, ukwahlulwa kwamanzi yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa akukho luhlobo lukhuni. I-Alkali-Swellen Fidengthane kwaye iPollyurethane isetyenziswa kunye, nangona ukwahlulwa kwamanzi kungabi nakuko ukwahlulwa kwamanzi, kodwa emva kokutyibilika, kunye ne-sediment emazantsi kunzima ukuvuselela ngokuhlwa. Kwaye owokugqibela usebenzisa inani elincinci le-hydroxythyl seluplose nealkali ukudumba kunye ne-polyurethane tikkene ukuze ube nemeko efanayo ngaphandle kokwahlulwa kunye nokwahlula amanzi. Ingabonwa ukuba kwinkqubo ecocekileyo ye-Ablsic Escrophobiction ye-hydrophobicity, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sizikhulule isigaba samanzi nge-hydroxyythyl ye-hydroxyyl sellulose, kodwa inokuvuseleleka ngokulula. Ukusetyenziswa okukodwa kwe-hydrophobic alkali i-alkali ukudumba kunye ne-polyurethane (okanye i-polyurethane (okanye i-rackend yabo), nangona i-anti-amanzi yokwahlula amanzi ibhetele, kodwa kunzima ukuvuselela ngokulinganayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-selsulose kunye nePolyurethane quicen ticen, ngenxa yexabiso elikude kwixabiso le-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic, iziphumo zezona zahluliweyo zamanzi kunye nokwahlukana, kodwa kulula ukushukumisa. Ifomula yokugqibela inolona hlobo lwentsebenzo yokwahlula-hlula kwamanzi ngenxa yemali eseleyo phakathi kwe-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic. Ewe kunjalo, kwi-formula yoyilo, iindidi zemithi kunye nokumanzi kunye nokusasaza iiarhente kunye ne-hydrophilic kunye nexabiso le-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Kuphela kuxa bafika kwibhalansi entle ukuba le nkqubo ikwimeko ye-thermodynamic aquilibrium kwaye iba nokunganyangeki kwamanzi.

Kwinkqubo emnandi, ukuthathwa kwenqanaba lamanzi ngamanye amaxesha kuyahamba kunye nokunyuka kwesigaba seoyile. Umzekelo, thina sikholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ii-seluplose zazikhulula isigaba samanzi, kodwa isellulose isasazwa kwinqanaba lamanzi