Impembelelo ye-Hydroxypropyl MethylcelcelUlose (HPMC)

Iziphumo ze-Hydroxypropyl Methylcelcelgalose
Ukuphuculwa kwepropathi yokulungisa i-inhlama ye-frozen kunento esebenzayo yokufezekisa ukuveliswa kobungakanani besonka esiphezulu somgangatho ophezulu. Kolu phononongo, luhlobo olutsha lwe-hydrophilic collophilic (hydroxypropyl methylcelcelsulose, yang, mc) wafakwa kwinhlalo eqabathiweyo. Iziphumo ze-0.5%, i-1%, i-2%) kwipropathi yokulungisa yenhlama ye-frozen kunye nomgangatho wesonka esomeleleyo sihlolwe ukuze kuvavanye isiphumo soPhuculo lwe-HPMC. Impembelelo kulwakhiwo kunye neepropathi zezinto (ingqolowa yengqolowa, isitatshi sengqolowa kunye negwele).
Iziphumo zovavanyo zokuhlala kunye nokuwolula zibonisa ukuba i-HPMC iphucule iipropathi zenhlamo zenhlamo, kunye neziphumo zeskena eziguqukayo zibonisa ukuba i-HPMC itshintshiwe kancinci, kwaye i-Domet Network iguqulwe. Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, ivolumu ethile kunye ne-elaistity yesonka esongeziweyo zaphuculwa, kwaye ubunzima buncitshisiwe emva kwenhlama ye-frozen yongezwe nge-2% i-HPMC ye-2% ye-HPMC yayiqhwabekile iintsuku ezingama-60.
Ingqolowa i-gluten yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni kobume benethiwekhi. Iimvavanyo ezifumanise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-IPMC kunciphise ukwaphuka kwe-yd kunye ne-prondsfere pronds zengqolowa yengqolowa ngexesha lokugcina i-rozen. Ukongeza, iziphumo ze-nurgler ephantsi ye-nuclear yenyukliya kunye nokuskena ngokwahlukeneyo utshintsho lwamanzi kunye ne-revystallity phenomena incitshisiwe, kwaye ke umxholo wamanzi ancitshisiweyo uncitshisiwe, kwaye ngoko cinezelwa. Ukuskena i-elektroniki microscope kubonakalise ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kungagcina uzinzo lwenethiwekhi ye-gluten.
Isitatshi yeyona nto ininzi eyomileyo kwinhlama, kwaye utshintsho kwisakhiwo salo luya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu ze-getilatitizo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. I-X. Iziphumo ze-X-Ray Ukuhluka kwe-X-RAY ibonise ukuba i-rystarity yesalathisi ye-statch inyuke kwaye i-getitinibe inyuke emva kogcino lweqanda. Ngesobuso sexesha lokugcina abakhethiweyo, amandla okukhubeka kwesitatshi ngaphandle koMgaqo we-HPMC, ngelixa i-statisity ye-gemititity (i-viscofity yokugqibela, ixabiso lokugqibela kunye nexabiso lokubuyiswa) konke kwanda; Ngexesha lokugcina, xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, kunye nokunyuka kwe-HPMC, utshintsho lwesakhiwo se-starch starstial kunye neepropathi ze-getitifot ngokuthe ngcembe.
Umsebenzi wobubi wegesi yegesi yegesi inefuthe elibalulekileyo kumgangatho weemveliso ezigulayo ezibilayo. Ngovavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokuba kugcinwe umsebenzi wobubi wegwele emva kweentsuku ezingama-60, i-HPMC idityaniswe kakuhle ngemali eyongeziweyo.
Iziphumo zibonakalise ukuba i-HPMC inokongezwa kwi-inhlama eqanduselweyo njengohlobo olutsha lwe-cryprotectant yokuphucula iipropathi zayo zokulungisa kunye nomgangatho wesonka esixhonyiweyo.
Amagama aphambili: isonka esixhonyiweyo; inhlama eqandulweyo; hydroxypropyl methylcelceluplose; Ingqolowa igcuka; isitayile sengqolowa; igwele.
Isiqulatho
ISAHLUKO 1 UKUQESHWA .................................................................................................................................................................
1.1 Imeko yangoku yophando ekhaya kunye nephesheya ............................................... l
1.1.1 Intshayelelo kwi-Mansuiqi .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1.1.2 Imeko yophando ye-buns ye-buns ............................................. ... . .......... 1
1.1.3 Intshabalalo eqaqambileyo intshayelelo ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Iingxaki kunye nemiceli mngeni yenhlama ye-frozen ..........................................................
1.1.5 Ubume boPhando kwiNqweno leFrozen ..................................... ... ..................................................... 4
1.1.6 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrocollosids kwi-flozen ye-frozen ye-frient right theme ......................... ..5
1.1.7 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Selelise (hydroxypropyl Methyl Selelose, I-Ipmc) .......... 5
I-112 injongo kunye nokubaluleka kwesifundo .............................................................................................
1.3 Umxholo ophambili wesifundo .............................................................................................................
ISAHLUKO SESI-2 IZIMPHUMO ZOKWENZIWA KOMSEBENZI WOKUGQIBELA KWEEMPAHLA ZOKUGQIBELA NEMICIMBI YEMIQATHANGO YOKWENZA INDLELA YOKUGQIBELA .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.1 Intshayelelo .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.2 Izinto zovavanyo kunye neendlela ...................................................................................................................
2.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo .............................................................................................................................................
2.2.2 Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye nezixhobo ............................................................................. 8
2.2.3 Iindlela zovavanyo .................................................................................................................................................
2.3 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nengxoxo .................................................................. 11
2.3.1 Isalathiso sezinto ezisisiseko zomgubo wengqolowa ................................................................. .1l
2.3.2 Isiphumo se-HPMC songezwa kwiipropathi ze-febhuceous yenhlama ......................... ..11
2.3.3 Isiphumo se-HPMC songezwa kwiipropathi ze-tensle zenhlama ................................. .. 12
2.3.4 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-ratheologer yenhlamo yenhlama ............................. ... .........................................................................................................................
2.3.5 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina kumxholo wamanzi anokuthenjwa (GW) kwi-Drozen Dough ...
2.3.6 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kumgangatho wesonka esibekiweyo ...
2.4 ISISHWANKATHELO Isahluko ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
ISAHLUKO 3 IINKQUBO ZOKWENZIWA KWE-HPMC kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi zengqolowa yengqolowa phantsi kweproteyini yengqolowa.
3.1 Intshayelelo .......................................................................................................................................................................
3.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo ...........................................................................................................................................................
3.2.2 I-Expretition Spratus .......................................................................................................
3.2.3 I-Remegents yovavanyo .......................................................................... .............................. 25
3.2.4 Iindlela zovavanyo ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3. Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo ..................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.1 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-RIOORTERRTERT ye-RTEOLORTER YE-GLTEEN COM YOKUGQIBELA I-GLTHEN .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.3.2 Isiphumo sobungakanani be-HPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina ixesha lokugcina umxholo onokutshabaza (CFW) kunye nokuzinza kwe-therm) kunye nokuzinza kwe-shiw .................................................. 30
3.3.3 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC kunye neXesha lokuGcina le-Subzy kwi-Sulfhydryl ye-Sulfhyddyl (C inqanawa) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. . 34
3.3.4 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina ixesha lokuphumla eliguqukayo (n) lwe-Gluten Deluten ubunzima ..................................................................... 35
I-3.3.5 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina kwisakhiwo sesibini se-gluten ............................................................................................................................. .37
3.3.6 Effects of FIPMC addition amount and freezing time on the surface hydrophobicity of gluten protein…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
3.3.7 Iziphumo zoMgangatho we-HPMC ongezelelweyo kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surzy kwi-Micro-Netle yenethiwekhi ye-gluten .........................................................................................................................
3.4 Isishwankathelo seSahluko .............................................................................................................
ISAHLUKO 4 IINKQUBO ZOKWENZIWA KOMSHLISO SESIQINISEKISO SE-STITRCK kunye neepropathi eziphantsi kweemeko zokugcina crazen ...
4.1 INTSHAYELELO ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44
4.2 Izinto zovavanyo kunye neendlela ......................................................................... 45
4.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo .................................................................................................................................
4.2.2 Isixhobo sokuvavanywa .....................................................................................................................................................................
4.2.3 Indlela yovavanyo ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4.3 Uhlalutyo kunye nengxoxo ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
4.3.1 Umxholo wezinto ezisisiseko zesitatshi sengqolowa .................................................. 48
4.3.2 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yokongezwa kwe-IPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina i-IPMC kwimpawu ze-getilatiticy yempawu zesitatshi sengqolowa ...
4.3.3 Iziphumo zoMntu we-HPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina i-Shear kwi-Shear Viscosity ye-Starch Paste ...................................................................................................... 52
4.3.4 IINKQUBO ZE-HPMC EYANYO NOKUVUNYELWA KWEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA KWI-DYAMATIC YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4.3.5 Impembelelo ye-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina i-furden kwi-starch enky .................................................................................................................................
4.3.6 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yokongezwa kwe-IPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina i-ipmc kwi-Thermodynamic Propathiges ye-Thermodynamic yeStaken ................................................................. ........................................ . 57
4.3.7 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-creating kwi-crystaltivery yesalamane .....................................................................................................................................................
4.4 Isishwankathelo seSahluko ................................................................................................................................. I-6 1
ISAHLUKO SESI-5 IZIMPHUMO ZOBUCHULE I-HPMC kumgangatho wokusinda we-Yeast kunye nomsebenzi wobume phantsi kweemeko zogcino lwe-frozen. . 62
5.1 Ukuveliswa kwakho ............................................................................................................................................................................. 62
5.2 Izixhobo kunye neendlela ..................................................................................................................... 62
5.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo kunye nezixhobo .....................................................................
5.2.2 Iindlela zovavanyo. . . . . .......................................................................................... 63
5.3 Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
5.3.1 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kubude benqwanqwa yenhlama ...
5.3.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC yeXesha kunye neXesha lokuKhaphuka kwiRhafu lokusinda.
5.3.3 Isiphumo sokwangeza isixa se-HPMC kunye nexesha lokukhulula kumxholo we-GLTHTHATOOONOON kwi-Dought ... "
5.4 ISISHWANKATHELO Isahluko ................................................................................................................................. 67
ISAHLUKO SESI-6 IZIXHOBO NEPHUPHAKATHI ......................................................................................................... 68
6.1 UKUFAKWA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
6.2 I-Outlook ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68
Uluhlu lwemifanekiso
Umzobo 1.1 Ifomula yesakhiwo se-hydroxypropyl methylcelculose ............................ . 6
Umzobo 2.1 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kwipropathi ye-suheoloc yenhlama ye-flozen .........................................................................................................................................
Umzobo 2.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwivolumu ethile yesonka esibekiweyo ...
Umzobo 2.3 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula ngobulukhuni besonka esenziweyo .................................................................................................................................................................
Umzobo 2.4 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-elasticity yesonka esinemitha ............................................................................................................................................................................. . 20
Umzobo 3.1 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwibala le-ratheociolo lwe-gluten ............................................................................................................. 30
Umzobo 3.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-Thermodynamic Propathies zengqolowa yengqolowa ......................................................................................................................... . 34
Figure 3.3 Effects of HPMC addition and freezing time on free sulfhydryl content of wheat gluten……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... ． 35
Umzobo 3.4 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelisa kunye nexesha lokugcina ixesha lokugcina ixesha lokuphumla
Umzobo 3.5 Ingqolowa yengqolowa ye-3.5 yengqolowa i-Gluten iprojekyikhi ye-Incring ye-Amide III BOW PHIAY I-AIL III PHILY III PHIALY I-AII YAYICOLL NOKWENZA ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...
Umzobo 3.6 Umzekeliso .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Umzobo 3.7 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwimicroscopic ye-microscopic gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten gluten ... 43
Umzobo I-51
Umzobo 4.2 I-Fliit ThixiXorpy yeStarch Paste ..................................................................................................... 52
Umzobo 4.3 Iziphumo zongeza isixa sexesha le-MC kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-viscoelity ye-starch Paste ................................................................................................................................. 57
Umzobo 4.4 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina ubuchule bokudumba.
Umzobo 4.5 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-thermodynamic kwipropathi ye-thermodynamic ye-starch ... . 59
Umzobo 4.6 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surzy kwi-XRD yepropathi ye-starch ...
Umzobo 5.1 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kubude be-inhlama.
Umzobo 5.2 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwiqondo lokuphumla le-Yeagle .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Umzobo 5.3 Ukujongwa kwe-Microscopic ye-Yeast (VideresCopic) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68
Umzobo 5.4 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-Glutathione (Gsh) umxholo .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Uluhlu lweefom
Itheyibhile 2.1 Umxholo osisiseko wokufumana umgubo wengqolowa .................................................. 11
Itheyibhuli 2.2 Isiphumo se-IPMC yongezwa kwiipropathi zeFainaceOous zeNhlama ...............
Itheyibhile 2.3 Iziphumo zoMbutho we-IPMC kwi-Dound Tenserties .................................................
Itheyibhuli 2.4 Isiphumo se-IPMC yongeza kwi-IPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kumxholo wamanzi anokuthenjwa (i-CF umsebenzi) ye-Demzen Dollen ...
Itheyibhile 2.5 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yokongezwa kwe-IPMC kunye neXesha lokuGcina le-IPMC kwiPropathi yeSakhiwo seSonka yeSonka yeSonka .............................................................................................................
Itheyibhuli 3.1 Umxholo wezithako ezisisiseko kwi-gluten ............................................................. .25
Itheyibhile 3.2 I-IPMC yokongezwa kwe-IPMC kunye neXesha lokuGcina le-IPMC kwi-Anthel Translaypy (yi iv) kunye nomxholo wamanzi we-freezer 31
Itheyibhuli 3.3 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yongeno kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surzy kwiqondo lobushushu (imveliso) ye-thermal yengqolo yengqolowa yengqolowa yengqolowa .......................................... 33
Itheyibhuli 3.4 Izikhundla ze-Pein zeProtein Skweeseko zoPhuculo kunye nezabelo zazo ............ .37
Itheyibhile 3.5 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwisakhiwo sesibini sengqolowa yengqolowa .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Itheyibhile 3.6 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-shirtrophobicty ye-hydrophonicity yengqolowa yengqolowa ...................................................................... 41
Itheyibhuli 4.1 Umxholo wezinto ezisisiseko zesitatshi sengqolowa ..................................................... 49
Itheyibhile 4.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kwe-HPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina i-fulatistic kwimpawu zengqolowa yengqolowa ...
Itheyibhile 4.3 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-shear viscosity yengqolowa yengqolowa ............................................................................................................................................................. 55
Itheyibhile 4.4 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yokongezwa kwe-IPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina i-ipmc kunye nexesha le-thermodynamic kwipropathi ye-thermodynamic ye-stalatizotion ......................................................... ..60
ISAHLUKO 1 ISIQINISEKISO
1.1Resersearch Imeko ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
1.1.1Ukuveliswa kwesonka esibethekayo
Isonka esitsileyo sibhekisa ekutyeni okwenziwe kwinhlama emva kokungqina nokuqhwaba. Njengokutya kwepasika yendabuko yesiqhelo, isonka esenziwe i-stota inembali ende kwaye yaziwa ngokuba "sonka se-orintas". Kuba imveliso egqityiweyo igqityiweyo i-hemispherical okanye i-ted is, ithambile ngokungcamla, imnandi ekungcangcazeni kwaye ityebile kwizondlo [l] phakathi koluntu ixesha elide. Kukudla okutya kwilizwe lethu, ngakumbi abahlali basemantla. Ukusetyenziswa kweeakhawunti malunga ne-2/3 yobume beemveliso ezisentla, kwaye malunga ne-46% yesakhiwo sokutya semfuyo esemgubo elizweni [21].
1.1.2ressearsersearch yesonka esinemithi
Okwangoku, uphando kwimonka ebiyelweyo igxile kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1) Ukuphuhliswa kwe-buns entsha ye-buns. Ngobuchule bezixhobo ezibuhlungu zesonka ezibunjiweyo kunye nokongezwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, iintlobo ezintsha zezonka ezigxunyekwe ziphuhlisiwe, ezinayo zombini isondlo kunye nomsebenzi. Ukuseka umgangatho wovavanyo kumgangatho we-raccellaneous isonka sezonka ezibhinqileyo ngexabiso lenqununu; Fu et a1. . Hao & beta (2012) wafunda iBarley Bran kunye neFlaxSEed (Sityebile kwizinto ze-Bioles) Inkqubo yemveliso yesonka esigayiweyo [5]; Shiau et a1. .
2) Uphando malunga nokulungiswa kunye nokudityaniswa komgubo owodwa wesonka esibethiweyo. Isiphumo sepropathi yomgubo kumgangatho wenhlama kunye nee-buns zenqwaba kunye nophando kumgubo omtsha we-buns, kwaye ngokusekwe koku, imodeli yovavanyo lokufaneleka komgubo iyasungulwa [7]; Umzekelo, imiphumo yendlela eyahlukeneyo yokugaya imilingo kwimigangatho yomgubo kunye ne-7] 81; Iziphumo zokudityaniswa kwe-cuba yelofu ye-jaxi yelow emgangathweni yesonka seSonka [9J et al.; IZhu, i-Huang, & Khan (2001) ihlolisise iproproin yengqolowa kumgangatho wenhlamo kunye nesonka esemantla, kwaye ijongiwe ngokungalunganga kunye nomgangatho womoni we-Doude kunye nomgangatho woSqini woMhlaba oqinileyo. Zhang, et A1. . yiba nefuthe elibonakalayo [11].
I-3) Uphando kwi-Doulest Gerimer kunye neTekhnoloji yeSonka ebiweyo. Uphando ngempembelelo yenkqubo yenkqubo yesonka esemgangathweni kumgangatho wayo kunye nenkqubo yenkqubo; I-Liu nkong et al. . Inempembelelo ebonakalayo kuvavanyo lwemvakalelo. Ukuba iimeko zenkqubo azilunganga, ziya kubangela ukuba imveliso iguqukele eluhlaza, imnyama okanye ityheli. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba ngexesha le-Douscesmerical Let, inani lamanzi elongeziweyo ifikelela kwi-45%, kwaye i-DOGINT IXABISO LEMITHO YEMINYAKA emi-5, i-Witter, iXesha leNgeniso ye-Bums. Xa uqengqeleka i-inhlama amaxesha ali-15 ukuya kwengama-20 kwangaxeshanye, inhlama yithambeka, igudileyo, i-elastic kwaye icwebe icwebe; Xa iqengqeleka i-3: 1, iphepha lengcongconi likhanya, kwaye ubumhlophe besonka esongezelelekileyo busonge [l; Li, et a1. .
4) Uphando malunga nokuphuculwa komgangatho wesonka esibethiweyo. Uphando malunga nokongezwa kunye nokusetyenziswa komgangatho wesonka seSonkanqileyo; Ngokuyintloko kubandakanya ukongezwa (njenge-enzymes, i-enzymes, i-antiogisidas, njl njl) nezinye iiproteri ezingqinelanayo ezibonakalayo ukuba kwiminyaka ye-15], njl. njl. Isifo se-celiac (iimfuno zokutya kwezigulana ezine-cieliac isifo [16.1.
5) Ukulondolozwa kunye nokulwa ukwaluphala kwesonka esinesonka kunye neendlela ezinxulumene noko. Pan lijun et al. . Wang, et a1. . Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ilahleko yamanzi kunye nes starchrystallization yayizizathu eziphambili zokugugaka kwesonka [20].
I-6) Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-bacteria entsha ye-bacteria kunye ne-sourctuach. Jiang, et a1. (2010) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-chaetotium sp. icinyiwe ukuvelisa i-Xylanase (ngeyona nto iphambili) kwisonka [2l '; Gerez, et A1. . Wu, et al. . kunye neGerez, et A1. .
7) Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwenhlama ye-frozen kwisonka esibethiweyo.
Phakathi kwawo, isonka esigxunyekwe sithambekele ekuguleni phantsi kweemeko zokugcina esiqhelekileyo, esiyinto ebalulekileyo kuthintela ukuphuculwa kwemveliso yesonka esitshutshisiweyo. Emva kokwaluphala, umgangatho wesonka esitshutshisiweyo incitshisiwe- Ubunzima buye bomile kwaye bunzima, i-DARGES, i-Deeds, i-Deemes, i-Deemes, iXesha le-Shandle Oku akuchaphazeli kuphela ubomi beshelup, kodwa ikwadala inkunkuma eninzi. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ilahleko yonyaka ngenxa yokwaluphala yi-3% yemveliso yemveliso egulayo. I-7%. Ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yabantu kunye nokwazisa kwezempilo, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezempilo kumzi-mveliso wokutya, indlela yokufumana imibutho ihlaziya i-stapple ye-nodle iquka imfuno yemfuno efunwayo, ikhuselekile, ilula kwaye ilungele ingxaki ende. Ngokusekwe kule meko, inhlama eqaqambileyo yangena, kwaye ukukhula kwayo kusekunyuke.
1.1.3 Ukuveliswa kweNqweno eliqaqambileyo
Inhlama eqaqambileyo yitekhnoloji entsha yokulungisa nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezinomgubo eziphuhliswe kwi-1950s. Ibhekisa ikakhulu ekusebenziseni umgubo wengqolowa njengezixhobo eziphambili zengqolowa kunye namanzi okanye iswekile njengezixhobo ezincedisayo. Ibhakiwe, ipakishwe okanye ingasebenzi, ukuqaqanjelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinye iinkqubo zenza ukuba imveliso ifikelele kwi-18 "C, imveliso yokugqibela kufuneka igcinwe, iqinisekiswe, njl. [251].
Ngokwenkqubo yemveliso, inhlama eqaqambileyo inokwahlulwa malunga neentlobo ezine.
I-A) Indlela yeDoughn Orden: Inhlama yahlulwe yaba yinxalenye enye, iqabaza ekhawulezayo, iqaqanjelwe, i-tyang, ingqinwe, kwaye igqityiwe, ukubhaka, ukubhaka, ukuqhwaza, ukubhaka, ukuqhwaba, ukuthoba, njl. njl.
b) I-PARD-Debring Proby Indlela yeDoomard: Inhlama yahlulwe yaba yinxalenye enye, enye inomkhenkce, enye iqashwe, enye iveliwe, i-back, inkokheli, inkcitho, njl. njl.
c)Pre-processed frozen dough: the dough is divided into one piece and formed, fully proofed, then cooked (to a certain extent), cooled, frozen, frozen, stored, thawed, and cooked (baking, steaming, etc.)
d) Inxuwa eqhubekileyo ngokupheleleyo: Inhlama yenziwe kwiqhekeza elinye kwaye lenziwa, emva koko ivele ngokupheleleyo, kwaye icinyiwe ngokupheleleyo kodwa iqashwe ngokupheleleyo kodwa iqanduselwe, iqabile.
Ukuvela kwe-inhlama eqaqambileyo ayikho kuphela imeko yophuhliso, ukubekwa emgangathweni, kunye nemveliso yemveliso yePasta yePasta, inokunciphisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lemveliso kunye neendleko zabasebenzi. Ke ngoko, i-ganomenon yesahloki yokutya ithintelwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye isiphumo sokwandisa ubomi beshelup yemveliso yemveliso ifezekisiwe. Ke ngoko, ngakumbi eYurophu, eMelika kunye namanye amazwe, inhlama eqaqambileyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisonka esimhlophe (isonka esimnandi), i-robf yesonka esimnandi (i-French), i-robin), iicookies), iicookies kunye ne-cookies
Iikeyiki kunye nezinye iimveliso zePasta zineedigri ezahlukeneyo zesicelo [26-27]. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ngonyaka ka-1990, iipesenti ezingama-80 zeebhakeri eUnited States zisebenzisa inhlama eqaqambileyo; Iipesenti ezingama-50 zeebhakeri eJapan nazo zisebenzisa inhlama eqaqambileyo. Ikhulu lenkulungwane
Ngo-1990s, itekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili ye-Doughn ye-Dought yaziswa eTshayina. Ngokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, itekhnoloji ye-Douslen inamachaphaza ophuhliso ngokubanzi kunye nendawo enkulu yophuhliso
1.1.4Mngeni kunye nemiceli mngeni yenhlama ye-frozen
Itekhnoloji ye-Domile eqaqambileyo inikezela ngombono onokwenzeka wokuveliswa kwemveliso yokutya kwemveli yendabuko efana nesonka esixhonyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, le teknoloji yokulungisa isenayo icolile, ngakumbi phantsi kwemeko yexesha elide lokukhulula, imveliso yokugqibela iya kuba nexesha elinde, ivolumu ephantsi, ilahleko ephantsi, incasa yamanzi, incasa ephantsi, kunye nokuncipha komgangatho. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokukhulula
Inhlama yinto eninzi (umswakama, iprotein, isitatshi, isigaba segesi), isiseko seengcongconi, igesi, igesi (igesi), igesi, igesi) inzima kakhulu kwaye iyahluka.
Uninzi lwezifundo zifumanise ukuba ukwenziwa nokukhula kweekristale ze-ices kwindawo yokutya eqaqambileyo yinto ebalulekileyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni komgangatho [291]. Ikristali yomkhenkce ayinciphisi kuphela ireyithi ye-Goluten, kodwa iyenza buthathaka amandla amagqwirha, ichaphazela ubume be-starch, kwaye wonakalise iiseli ze-Golutathione, enciphisa igesi yokubamba i-gluten. Ukongeza, kwimeko yogcino lweqanda, ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunokubangela i-crystale ye-ice ikhule ngenxa yokuphinda-phinda [30]. Ke ngoko, indlela yokulawula iziphumo ezibi zokukokwa kwekristali yomkhenkce kunye nokukhula kwesitatshi, i-gluten negwele yeyona nto iphambili ekusombululeni ezi ngxaki zingasentla, kwaye ikwayindawo eshushu yophando kunye nolwalathiso. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, abaninzi abaphandi babandakanyeka kulo msebenzi kwaye baphumelela ezinye iziphumo zophando. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho izithuba ezithile kunye neminye imiba engasombululwanga kunye nempikiswano kule ntsimi, ekufuneka ihlolwe kwakhona, njenge:
a) Ungaluthintela njani ukonakala komgangatho wenhlamo eqaqambileyo kunye nolwandiso lwexesha lokugcina i-frozen, ngakumbi indlela yokulawula iimpembelelo zolwakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zedama le-inhlamo (isitatshi, i-gluten kunye negwele), ingumbandela. Hotspots kunye nemiba esisiseko kule ndawo yophando;
b) ngenxa yokuba kukho umahluko othile kwiteknoloji yokuqhubela kunye netekhnoloji yemveliso yemveliso egulayo eyahlukeneyo, kusekho ukunqongophala kophando olwenziweyo ngokudibeneyo neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso;
c) Ukwandisa, ukwandisa kwaye usebenzise i-Dozen Doughn Demagunds esemgangathweni, elungele ukuvelisa amashishini okuvelisa kunye nolawulo lweendleko lweentlobo zemveliso. Okwangoku, kusafuneka komelezwe ngakumbi kwaye kwandiswe;
d) Isiphumo se-hydrocollosids kwi-Hydrocollocoids yokuphuculwa komgangatho weemveliso ze-Doulen kunye neendlela ezinxulumene noko sifuna ukufundwa ngakumbi kwaye kuchazwe ngokulandelelana.
1.1.5ressearch Imeko yeNqweno leFrozen
Ngenxa yezi ngxaki zingentla kunye nemiceli mngeni yenhlamo eqaqambileyo, ixesha elide lophando olona tshintsho lwenqwaba, kunye nendlela enxulumene nophando olwenziwe kwibala le-frozen kwicandelo lophando olwenziwe kwi-domaden kule minyaka inzima. Ngokukodwa, uphando oluphambili lwasekhaya kunye nolunye kwiminyaka yakutshanje igxile kula manqaku alandelayo:
I. Nangona iinguqu kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi zenzuzo ye-frozen enolwandiso lwexesha lokugcina izinto, iprotein, isitatshi, njl njl. Ukwakhiwa kunye nokukhula kunye nolwalamano lwalo kunye nombuso wamanzi kunye nokusasazwa; Utshintsho kulwakhiwo lwengqolowa yengqolowa ye-GLuten yeProtein, iMingqeni kunye nePropathi [31]; Utshintsho kwimeko yesitatshi kunye neepropathi; Utshintsho kubume benhlamo olunzulu kunye neepropathi ezinxulumene noko, njl. 361.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ezona zizathu ziphambili zokuwohloka kweepropathi zokulungisa zenhlama eqanduselweyo zibandakanya: 1) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhwaba, ukusinda kwegwele kunye nomsebenzi wayo kuncitshisiwe kakhulu; 2) Ubume obuqhubekayo kunye nokugcwaliswa kwenethiwekhi yenhlathi butshabalalisiwe, kukhokelela kwi-moya ebambe intlama. Kwaye amandla olwakhiwo ancitshiswa kakhulu.
II. Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo ye-Doulen Doughn Demoguves, iimeko zokugcina i-frozen kunye nefomula. Ngexesha lokuveliswa kwenhlama eqaqambileyo, ulawulo lobushushu, iimeko zokubonisa ubungqina, unyango lwangaphambili, iimeko zokwenza umkhenkce, iindlela zokuthambisa, iindlela zokufuma, zonke ii-roin ze-gluten, kunye ne-thewing protheyini, kunye ne-nquings ziya kuchaphazela iipropathi zenzuzo [37]. Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso aphezulu omkhenkce avelise amakristali omkhenkce encinci ngokobukhulu kwaye asasazwe ngakumbi, ngelixa amaxabiso asezantsi avelisa amakristali emkhenkceni angabasasaziweyo. Ukongeza, ubushushu obuphantsi obungaphantsi komhlaba nkqu nobushushu beglasi yeglasi (i-CTA) bunokugcina umgangatho wayo, kodwa iindleko ziphezulu, kwaye ezona mveliso zemveliso kunye ne-chain yothutho kunye ne-chain yothutho kunye ne-chain yothutho kunye ne-chain yothutho kunye ne-chain yothutho kunye neThando lokuThutha kunye neThando lokuThengiswa kunye neThando lokuThengiswa kunye neThando lokuThenga kunye neThando lokuThutha lihlala lincinci. Ukongeza, ukugcuma kobushushu obukhulu kuya kubangela i-regystallization, eya kuthi ichaphazele umgangatho wenhlama.
III. Sebenzisa izongezelelo zokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso yenhlama yeflethi. Ukwenzela ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso yenhlama eqaqambileyo, abaninzi abaphandi benze i-fuble kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo, besebenzisa i-Doure Medical Dounds, esebenzisa i-songer. Ikakhulu kubandakanya, i) amalungiselelo e-enzyme, onje, eTransgbanese, o [. Amzlase; II) IMulsifiers, efana ne-monoglycelly, uMhla, i-SSL, CSL, uMhla, njl.; iii) i-antioxidants, i-ascorbic acid, njl.; IV v) Ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, ezinje nge-xu, et a1. .
Ⅳ. Ukuzala kwegwisa elinentiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegwele elitsha lokuhlambela [58-59]. SASAno, et A1. .
1.1.6 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrocolloids kwi-flozen ye-flozen cast
Uhlobo lwekhemikhali lweHydrocolloid yi-Polysaccharide, edityaniswe nge-monosaccharides (iglucose, i-righnose, i-arabinse, i-nnose, njl njl) ukuya kwi-0 [. 1-4. I-Glycosidic yeBhycosidic okanye / kunye ne. 1 - "6. I-Glycosdic Bond okanye B. 1-4. I-Glycosidic Bond kunye ne-0 [. I-Polysaccharides, efana ne-Konjiac gum, i-Guar Gum, i-Gum Arabic; njenge-gum ye-rumssaccharides, efana ne-rumsan rulls. kwaye unemisebenzi yokulawula ukufuduka, i-rhulumente kunye nokusasazwa kwamanzi kwinkqubo yokutya. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukubandakanya ukwenziwa kokutya kweemveliso ezigulayo. Wang xin et al. . Wang Yusheng et al. . Guqula iipropathi, phucula amandla e-thencrile yenhlama, ukuphucula ubume benhlama, kodwa kunciphisa ukwandiswa kwenhlama [Cimayo.
1.1.7Hydroxypropyl Methyl Selelose (hydroxypropyl methyl sethyl selsulose, i-ipmc)
I-Hydroxypropyl Methyl Selelise I-United States PharmacopeIa (United States PharmacopeIa) yahlulahlula i-HPMC kwiindidi ezintathu zomenzi we-HPMC kunye ne-Hiclollose 2906) kunye noK (hypromellose 2208).
Ngenxa yobukho bebhondi ye-hydrogen kwi-raler molecular thein kunye nesakhiwo se-crystalline, i-seluplose inomhlaba ohluphekayo wamanzi, okwazisa uluhlu lwayo lwesicelo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bezinto ezibambeleyo kwi-HPMC iqhekeza i-hydromoleculages ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen, eyenza ngakumbi i-hydrophilic [66l], enokuqhubela phambili ukusasazeka kwamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Njenge-hydrophilic esekwe kwiselfowuni, i-HPMC isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezixhobo, i-Pepermandus, ii-cosmetics, amayeza, amayeza kunye nokutya [6 71]. Ngokukodwa, ngenxa yeepropathi zayo eziguqukayo ze-thermo eziguquguqukayo, i-HPMC ihlala isetyenziswa njengecandelo le-supsule lokuyifumana iziyobisi ezilawulwayo; Ukutya, i-HPMC ikwasetyenziswa njenge-surfacnt, thickeiners, ii-enulsiber, izilo, ukuzinza, njl njl, kwaye zidlale indima ekuphuculeni imisebenzi enxulumene noko. Umzekelo, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokutshintsha iimpawu zesitayile kwaye kunciphise amandla egenti ye-starch paste. , I-HPMC inokunciphisa ukulahleka komswakama kukutya, ukunciphisa ubunzima besonka esiphambili, kwaye kwaye kufanelekile ukuhlukumeza isonka.
Nangona i-HPMC isetyenzisiwe kwipasta ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengearhente yokulwa amanzi kunye nokugcina amanzi ngesonka, njl. Njl. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-hydrophilic colloids efana neGuaar Gum, iXantan Gum, kunye neSodium " Kusekho ukunqongophala kweengxelo ezifanelekileyo.

1.2research Injongo kunye nokubaluleka
Okwangoku, isicelo kunye nokuveliswa komgangatho omkhulu wetekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili ye-domagund eqaqambileyo kwilizwe lam njengoko ihleli ihleli kwinqanaba lophuhliso. Kwangelo xesha, kukho imingxunya kunye nokusilela kwinzuzo eqaqambileyo ngokwayo. Ezi zinto zibanzi ngokungathandabuzekiyo zithintela kwakhona isicelo kunye nokukhuthaza inhlama ye-frozen. Kwelinye icala, oku kukwathetha ukuba i-inhlama ye-frozen inamathuba amanqam anokubakho kunye nethemba lokutya okubonakalayo kwe-noodles ye-Chinesed, ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezizezinye ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabahlali baseTshayina. Yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni umgangatho wenhlama eqaqambileyo esekwe kwiimpawu ze-Chinese Chinese Dabry kunye neendlela zokutya, kwaye zilungele iimpawu ze-Chinese Chinese.
Kuthe ngqo kuba ukupepha kophando olufanelekileyo nge-HPMC kwi-noodle zaseTshayina kusenokupheliswa. Ke ngoko, injongo yolu vavanyo kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-HPMC kwinhlalo ye-fries, kunye nokuchonga ukuphuculwa kwe-Demagus Demogus ye-DEGMC nge-HPMC uMgangatho woMhlaba oqingqiweyo. Ukongeza, i-HPMC yongezwa kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili zenhlamo (iproteni yengqolowa, isitatshi kunye ne-HPMC ye-HPMC kwiProts, isitatshi kunye negwele lalifundwe. Kwaye ucacise iingxaki zayo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi, ukuze unikezele ngendlela entsha yokuphucula umgangatho wokuphucula umgangatho we-HPMC, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso ye-HPMC kwi-inhlama yokutya ilungele ukwenza isonka esiqaqambileyo.
1.3 Uwona mxholo uphambili wesifundo
Kuyakholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba inhlama yinkqubo yesiqhelo yezinto ezithambileyo kunye neempawu zecandelo elihlukeneyo, isihlolisiso esihlukeneyo, isigaba esikhulu, kunye nesikali esininzi.
Iziphumo zongezo kunye nexesha lokugcina i-frozen kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi zenzuzo ye-frozen, umgangatho weemveliso ze-roughn, isonka kunye nepropathi yengqolowa yengqolowa, kunye nomsebenzi wobubi wegwele. Ngokusekwe kwezi ngqwalaselo apha ngasentla, kuye kwenziwa lo mbhalo olandelayo kolu phando:
1) Khetha uhlobo olutsha lwe-hydrophilic collophili, i-hydroxypropyl methylcelcelcelse (i-HPMC) njengesongeneyo ye-HPMC ngexesha elahlukileyo (0, 10, 30, ngezantsi) iimeko. . iipropathi zenhlama eqaqambileyo;
2) Ukusuka kwimbono yoomatshini wokuphuculwa, iziphumo zongezwa kweendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPMC kwi-Gluten ye-Gluten ubunzima, iguqulelo yamanzi kunye nepropathi yengqolowa yengqolowa ifundwe phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokugcina.
3) Ukusuka kwimbono yomatshini wokuphuculwa, iziphumo zongezwa kweepropathi ze-HPMC, iiPropathi zeGati, iiPropathi ze-Gel, kunye neePropathi zeTrystallic, kunye nePrormodynamic yexesha lokugcina i-starch efundwayo.
4) Ukusuka kwimbono yomatshini wokuphuculwa, iziphumo zongezwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-HPMC kumsebenzi wobubi, ireyithi yenqanaba lokusinda, kunye ne-Overcelliold Glutathellione yexesha eliphantsi kwemeko yokugcina i-dolomo yokugcina.
ISAHLUKO 2 IINKQUBO ZE-IPMC yongeza kwi-flozen ye-fries
2.1 Intshayelelo
Ngokubanzi, ukwakhiwa kwembango yenhlamo esetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezigudileyo ezixhonyiweyo zibandakanya izinto zebhayoloji zebhayiloji (isitatshi, iproteni yezinto eziphilayo, kwaye zidibanisa i-hydration, ukunxibelelanisa i-hidration, ukunxibelelanisa i-shistration. Inkqubo eqingqiweyo nentsonkothileyo yezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo sele yenziwe. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba iipropathi zenhlatho zinefuthe elibonakalayo kumgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Ke ngoko, ngokwenza i-pround yokuhlanganisa imveliso ethile kwaye yindlela yophando yokuphucula i-insule yokuqulunqwa kunye netekhnoloji yomgangatho wemveliso okanye ukutya; Kwelinye icala, ukuphucula okanye ukuphucula iipropathi ze-domagus yokuqhubela phambili kunye nokulondolozwa kokuqinisekisa okanye ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso ikwangumcimbi obalulekileyo wophando.
Njengoko kuchaziwe kwintshayelelo, ukongeza i-HPMC kwinkqubo ye-inhlama kwaye kuhlolwe iziphumo zayo kwi-Doude Reproergees (iFaring, i-Elongway, i-Eloulogy, i-GOOLOGY MEMOPLE.
Ke ngoko, loyilo lovavanyo lwenziwa ikakhulu ukusuka kwimiba emibini: Iziphumo ze-HPMC yongezwa kwipropathi yenkqubo yenhlamo eqanduselweyo kunye nefuthe kumgangatho weemveliso zesonka esinesonka.
2.2 Izinto zovavanyo kunye neendlela
2.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo
I-Zhongyu yeHlobane yeBhow Hinzhou Zhongyu Ingelosi esebenzayo ye-ivori esebenzayo ye-Yeast Co., Ltd.; I-HPMC (i-methyl inesidanga se-28% .30%, i-HydroxyPropy ye-7% .12%) I-Aladdin (Shanghai) iNkampani yeKhemikhali; Yonke indawo yokuphinda isebenze kwimichiza esetyenziswe kolu vavanyo yelibakala lohlalutyo;
2.2.2 Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye nezixhobo
Isixhobo kunye negama lesixhobo
I-BPS. I-500cl yobushushu obuqhubekayo kunye nebhokisi yokufuma
I-Ta-X POST kunye nePropathi yePropathi yePropathi
I-BSALL24s ibhalansi ye-elektroniki
I-DHG. I-9070A iqhekeza i-oveni
I-SM. I-986s Doler Miniger
C21. I-KT2134 I-Inder Orker
Imitha yomgubo. E
Istantometer. E
Ukufunyanwa kwe-R3 RHEATOR THEAGETER
I-Q200 ye-calorive yololori
Fd. 1b. I-50 vacuum shruide yomile
I-SX2.4.10 i-miuffle
I-KJELENTE YETYE YEMI-NE-20000 Ezenzekelayo Kjellahl Nitrogen Hlowuter
Umvelisi
Shanghai Yiheng isixhobo seSayensi CO., Ltd.
Iinkqubo ezincinci ezinamandla, e-UK
USartorius, Germany
Shanghai Yiheng isixhobo seSayensi CO., Ltd.
Itekhnoloji yesixhobo esiPhakamileyo sekhithi Co., Ltd.
I-Guangdong Miidea yoBomi yokuFumana iFuide yeMveliso CO., Ltd.
IBrabhete, eJamani
IBrabhete, eJamani
Inkampani yaseMelika ye-ta
Inkampani yaseMelika ye-ta
I-Beijing Bo yi ying isixhobo sokuvavanya isixhobo co., ltd.
I-Hiang Shi heng Feng Feng Izixhobo CO., Ltd.
Inkampani ye-Danish Foss inkampani
2.2.3 Indlela yovavanyo
2.2.3.1 Ukumiselwa kwezinto ezisisiseko zomgubo
Ngokwe-GB 50093.2010, i-GB 500.5--2010, GB / T 5000, GB50094], i-GB50094], i-GB50094], i-GB50094
2.2.3.2 Ukumiselwa kweepropathi zefloya zenhlama
Ngokwendlela yesalathiso GB / T 14614.2006 Ukuzimisela kwepropathi yeFainaceOus yenhlama [821.
2.2.3.3 Ukumiselwa kweepropathi zentembetha yenhlama
Ukuzimisela kweepropathi zenzuzo yenhlama yenhlama ngokwe-GB / T 14615.2006 [831.
2.2.3.4 Ukuvelisa inhlama ye-frozen
Bhekisa kwi-inhlama ye-Dough ye-GB / T 17320.1998 [84]. Ubunzima be-450 g yomgubo kunye ne-5 g yegwiba elisebenzayo kwisitya se-Dought, i-SURE kwi-DIPER kwi-4 min, i-SURE kwi-45 ye-DEAT kwi-4 i-on of Deed. Thatha intlama kwaye ikhuphele malunga I-180g / isahlulo, siguqa siye kwi-cylindricaal ses, emva koko siyitywine ngengxowa ye-ziplock, kwaye siyifaka. isetyenziswe njengeqela lolawulo lolawulo.
2.2.3.5 Ukuziqhelanisa neepropathi ze-rathoology zenhlama
Thatha iisampulu zedama emva kwexesha elihambelanayo, zibeke kwifriji kwi-4 ° C kwi-4 h, emva koko ubabeke kubushushu begumbi de kube iisampulu ze-domy zinyibilikisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yokulungisa isampula ikwasebenza kwinxalenye yovavanyo lwe-2.3.6.
Isampulu (malunga ne-2 G) yenxalenye ephakathi yenzuzo enyibilikayo inqunywe kwaye yabekwa kwiplate esezantsi ye-rheometer (i-R3). Okokuqala, isampulu yabekwa phantsi kweskena samandla enzala. Iiparamitha ezithile zovavanyo zimiselwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iplate ye-parallel ene-40 mm isetyenziswe, umsantsa wawusetwa kwi-1000 MLN, iqondo lobushushu lalingama-25 ° C, kwaye uluhlu lweskena laliyi-0.01%. I-100%, ixesha lokuphumla lokuphumla yimizuzu eli-10, kwaye frequency isetiwe kwi-1hz. Ingingqi ye-viscoestity ye-viscoestity (LVR) yeesampulu ezivavanyiweyo zagqitywa kukuskena kwe-trin. Emva koko, isampulu yabekwa kwi-friept fypleic, kwaye iiparamitha ezithile zabekwa ngolu hlobo: Ixabiso le-trin lalingu-0.5 Amanqaku amahlanu edatha (iiplothi) zarekhodwa kwi-Rheology curve yokwanda kwe-10 storve kwi-frequency (indlela yomgca). Emva kwengcinezelo nganye ye-clamp, isampulu egqithisileyo yancitshiswa ngobunono kunye ne-blade, kwaye ungqimba lweoyile yeparafini wafakwa kumda wesampulu yokuthintela ukulahleka kwamanzi ngexesha lovavanyo. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
2.2.3.6 Umxholo wamanzi anokutsha (umxholo wamanzi anokutsha, ukumiswa kwangaphakathi) kwinhlama
Sinobunzima besampulu ye-15 mg yenqanaba eliphambili lenhlama eqinileyo, itywina kwi-aluminiumd entle (ilungele isampulu yolwelo), kwaye uyilinganise nge-calolorry ye-caloloring (i-DSC). Iiparamitha zenkqubo ethile zisetiwe. Oku kulandelayo: Ukulungelelaniswa kokuqala kwi-20 ° C kwi-5 min, emva koko yehla ukuya kwi-10: 200 ° C nge-5 "c / irhasi ye-wiprigen (N2) kunye nexabiso layo liyi-50 ml / min / imiz. Sebenzisa i-aluminium engenanto njengereferensi, i-curve efunyenweyo ihlalutywe ngohlalutyo lohlalutyo luka-2000, kunye nokunyibilika kwekristali ye-ice ejikelezayo malunga ne-0 ° C. Umxholo wamanzi anokutsha (CFW) ubalwa yile formula [85.86]:

Phakathi kwazo, 厶 imele ubushushu obungafunekiyo bokufuma, kwaye ixabiso layo lingama-334 uDan; I-MC (iyonke imixholo yomswakama) imele umxholo omkhulu wokufuma kwi-inhlama (ilinganiswe ngokwe-GB 50093.2010t78]). Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
2.2.3.7 Ukuveliswa kwesonka
Emva kwexesha elihambelanayo lokuhamba, inhlama eqaqambileyo yakhutshwa, ilungelelaniswe kuqala kwi-4 ° Crierator ye-4 h, emva koko ibekwe kubushushu begumbi de kuphele inhlama yegumbi. Yahlula intlama ibe malunga ne-70 yeegram ngenxalenye, iguqa ibe yimozulu, kwaye emva koko ibeke kwibhokisi yobushushu engama-30 ukuya kwi-30 ° C kunye nomswakama we-85%. Emva kokungqina, i-steam ye-20 min, kwaye ipholile nge-1 h kumaqondo obushushu egumbi ukuvavanya umgangatho wesonka esixhonyiweyo.

2.2.3.8 UVAVANYO LOMSEBENZI WOSEKHAYA
(1) Ukumiselwa kwevolumu ethile yesonka esibethiweyo
Ngokwe-GB / T 20981.2007 [871, indlela yokufuduka edlwenguliweyo yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ivolumu (yomsebenzi) ye-buns ye-buns, kunye nobunzima (m) ye-bules ebiweyo. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
Ivolumu yesonka esiyintloko
.
Jonga indlela ye-SIM, noose Aziya, uCheng (2011) [88] ngotshintsho oluncinci. I-20x 20x 20 x 20 I-MN'13 I-MN'13 I-MN'13 ISAMINI YESITHUBA SESIQINISEKISO SESISEKO SESISEKO SESISEKO, NOKUGQIBELA Iiparamitha ezithile: IPREPE yi-P / 100, inqanaba lokulinganisa liyi-1 mm / s, izinga lokulinganisa liyi-1 mM, kunye nexesha lokuphumla, kunye namandla okuphazamiseka, amandla e-trigger yi-5 g. Isampulu nganye yayiphindwa ka-6.
2.2.3.9 Ukulungiswa kwedatha
Zonke iimvavanyo ziphindaphindwe kathathu kathathu ngaphandle kokuba kuchaziwe ngenye indlela, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziye zabonakaliswa njenge-ITE (kuthetha ukuba ± ukuphambuka komgangatho (ukuphambuka komgangatho). I-SPRESS SPRS SPRS ATITARICICICICICICITICICITICUTICUTICUTICUTICURICISTITA 19 sasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya komahluko (uhlalutyo lomahluko, i-AnoVA), kunye nenqanaba lokubaluleka kwe-O. 05; Sebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0 Ukuzoba iitshathi ezifanelekileyo.
2.3 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nengxoxo
2.3.1 Isalathiso esisiseko seNdawo yoMgubo wengqolowa
I-Tab 2.1 Umxholo we-StyAry Dublour yomgubo

2.3.2 Isiphumo se-IPMC yongezwa kwiipropathi zeFainaceOous zenhlama
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2.2, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC, i-Dounen yenhlama inyuke kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-58.10% (ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC) ukuya kwi-2% ye-2% ye-HPMC). Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kuphuculwe ixesha lenhlamo ukusuka kwi-10,2 imiz (i-min (engenanto) ukuya kwi-12.2 min (yongezwa i-2% ye-HPMC). Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC yongezwa, zombini i-domadey yenze ixesha kunye ne-Dough Prementity ye-55 yemiz.
Kuba i-HPMC inogcino oluqinileyo lwamanzi kunye nenqanaba lokuqhuba kwamanzi, kwaye liyinto engakumbi kunesitatshi sengqolowa kunye ne-HPMC ifikelela kwi-DPMC yexesha lokwenza i-HPMC, elibonisa ukuba i-HPMC ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-HPMC yenhlama. Ixesha le-inhlamo lixesha lokungqinelana ngalo lugcinwe ngaphezulu kwe-500 fu, kwaye i-HPMC inyusa umahluko phakathi kokungqinelana kwenhlamo kunye nokudityaniswa kwenqanaba lokugqibela Inhlama ye-HPMC ibonisa ukuba i-HPMC ingadlala indima yokuzinzisa ukungangqinelani kwe-DEGMC, kwaye ezi ziphumo zifana kakhulu ne-HPMC, kwaye ezi ziphumo ziyafana ne-DEGMC, kwaye nezi ziphumo zifana ne-haros (2007).

Qaphela: oonobumba abaphambili be-uppercrick kwikholamu efanayo babonise umahluko obalulekileyo (P <0.05)

2.3.3 Iziphumo zoMbutho we-HPMC kwi-Dound Tenserties
Ipropathi yenzuzo yenhlathi inokubonisa ngcono iipropathi zokulungisa zenhlama emva kokungqina, kubandakanya ukwahluka, ukunganyangeki kwentembeko kunye nomyinge wenhlamo yenhlama. Iipropathi ezinobungqingili kwinhlamo zichazwe kwimolekyuli ye-GLTEnin kwi-Dollenin yolwandiso, njengokudityaniswa komnqamlezo we-glutnin molecular imityandela yenhlamo [921]. I-termonia, uSmith (1987) [93] Kukholelwa ukuba i-elongmetion ye-polymers ixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezimbini ze-kinetic zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezimbini ze-kinetic zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezimbini ze-kinetic, oko kukuthi, ukwaphuka kweembophelelo ze-molecular kunye nengxaki yemithombo yemolekyuli edibeneyo. Xa inqanaba lokuSebenza le-molecular thein lisezantsi, i-molecular tin ayinakulunga kwaye ihlangabezana noxinzelelo lwe-molecular thein, kunye nobude bobude be-molecular bufutshane. Kuphela kuxa inqanaba lokuSebenza le-Molecular Connin linokuqinisekisa ukuba i-molecular thein ingacingisisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye inganeli, kwaye iindawo ezinamaqhina e-molymer zinokunyuswa. Ke ngoko, ukutshintsha isiphene kunye ne-Elongration yokuziphatha kwe-gluten prothein kuya kuba nefuthe kubuchwephesha benxunguphalo [92].
Itheyibhuli 2.3 Uluhlu lweempembelelo ze-HPMC (O, i-0.5%, i-1%) kunye ne-2% ye-1'9 Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba iipropathi ezixineneyo zazo zonke iisampulu zenhlamo ziyakhula ngokwandiswa kwexesha lokubonisa ubungqina ngaphandle kwe-elongwation yexesha elinciphayo. Kwixabiso lamandla, ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-90 imiz, ixabiso lamandla lawo onke amasampulu enyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphandle kongezwa kwixabiso le-1% ye-HPMC, kunye nexabiso lamandla kuzo zonke iisampulu zenhlathi zanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwakungekho lutshintsho lubalulekileyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba xa ixesha lokungqina lingama-90 emiz, ubume benethiwekhi yenhlama (ukudibanisa umnqamlezo phakathi kwamanyikili eemolekyuli) buyenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, ixesha lokubonisa likwandisiwe, kwaye akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwixabiso lamandla. Kwangelo xesha, oku kunokubonelela ngokubhekisa kwixesha lokubonisa lenhlama. Njengoko ixesha lokubonisa lobuqili, uninzi lweembophelelo zesekondari phakathi kweemolekyuli zenziwe kwaye amathanga anqamlezileyo anxibelelene ngakumbi, ngenxa yoko ukuchasana nobungqingqwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwangelo xesha, inqanaba lokuSebenza le-molecular imixokelelwane ye-molecular nayo inciphile ngokunyuka kweembophelelo ze-molecular phakathi kwe-molecular kunye nokudityaniswa komnqamlezo wenzuzo yenzuzo yenzuzo yenzuzo yexesha eligqithisileyo. Ukunyuka kokuchasana nobunyani / ukuxhathisa imbaleki kunye nokuncipha kwe-Elongwetion kubangele ukwanda kwe-tedile ll / i-tensile yomlinganiso omkhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokuthintela le meko ingentla kwaye itshintshe iipropathi zenzuzo zenhlama. Ngokwanda kwe-HPMC ukongezwa, ukunganyangeki kwentembeko, ukunganyangeki kwencasa kunye nexabiso lamandla lwenhlama yonke ihleliwe, ngelixa i-elonginged ihlelwe. Ngokukodwa, xa ixesha lokubonisa lalingama-45 imiz, ukuvuswa kwe-HPMC, ixabiso le-Doma lamandla linciphile kakhulu, i-6.6% ye-HPMC), kunye ne-10.20-A: 6.58
J (2% hpmc yongezwa). Kwangelo xesha, ukuchasana nenzuzo enkulu yenhlaso kuhlile ukusuka kwi-674.50-A: Nangona kunjalo, i-elongition yenhlamo inyuke ukusuka kwi-154.75 + 7.57 Miti (ingenanto) ukuya kwi-164% ye-HPMC), kunye ne-1,50 ye-HPMC), i-1% ye-HPMC ye-HPMC). Oku kunokuba kungelwe kukwanda komxholo wamanzi weplastiki ongeza i-HPMC, enciphisa ukuchasana ne-HELTMC ye-Gluten Propen, okanye isebenzisana ne-Gluten Propenser propain, ekwandisa ubume benhlamo, eya kuthi ichaphazele umgangatho (Umzekelo, ivolumu ethile, ukhula) lwemveliso yokugqibela.

2.3.4 IMIPHUMO YOKUGQIBELA YEMPMC yongeno kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surzy kwipropathi ye-ratheoloc yenhlama
Ipropathi ye-ROGOOLL yenhlama yinkalo ebalulekileyo yenhlamo yenhlamo, enokuthi ibonakalise ngokulandelelana iipropathi ezizeleyo zenhlamo, uzinzo kunye neempawu zepropathi, kunye nokugcina.

I-Fig 2.1 ye-HPMC yongezwa kwiipropathi ze-sulooc ze-rubic yenhlama ye-frozen
Umzobo 2.1 bonakalisa utshintsho lwemodyuli yogcino (i-eleustic modyulus, g ') kunye nelahleko ye-HPMC, i-G ") intlama ye-HPMC inciphile kakhulu, ngelixa utshintsho lwe-G" lwalusezantsi, kwaye g' Oku kunokuba ngenxa yento yokuba ubume benethiwekhi yenhlama buyonakaliswe ziikristale zomkhenkce ngexesha lokugcina umkhenkce, olunciphisa amandla alo olwakhiwo, ngenxa yoko ukuphosa i-elastic kuncipha kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC ukongezwa, ukwahluka kuka-G 'ngokuthe ngcembe kwancipha. Ngokukodwa, xa imali eyongeziweyo ye-HPMC yayiyi-2%, ukwahluka kuka-G 'yeyona incinci. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukwenziwa kweekristale zomkhenkce kunye nokunyuka kobungakanani beekristali zomkhenkce, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umonakalo kwinhlama yenhlama. Ukongeza, ixabiso le-G 'lenhlama likhulu kunelo yenhlama ye-gluten ye-gluten, ngelixa i-G "Ixabiso le-G" lincinci kuba i-inhlama inomgangatho we-GLTEEN, ekwandisa amandla ayo ngelixa igcina umswakama wayo.
2.3.5 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC kunye neXesha lokuGcina elikhawulezayo kumxholo wamanzi anokuthenjwa
Ayisiyo yonke into enkulu emthombeni inokubangela amakristali e-ice kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, elinxulumene nemeko yokufuma (ehambelana ne-free-irhoxisiwe, idityaniswa nezinye izinto, njl.) Kunye nokusingqongileyo. Amanzi anokuchazwa ngamanzi kwinhlama enokuthi enze utshintsho lwenqanaba lokwenza amakristali yomkhenkce kwiqondo lomkhenkce. Isixa samanzi anokutsha esinokuchaphazela ngqo inani, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa kwekristali ye-ice crystal. Ukongeza, umxholo wamanzi anokutsha onokutsha onokutshabazeka uyachaphazeleka kutshintsha kwendalo esingqongileyo, njengokwandiswa kwexesha lokugcina ukukhululeka, ukugcuma kobushushu bokugcina ubushushu, kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo kunye neepropathi. Kwintshukumo yefleyini ngaphandle kwe-HPMC ye-HPMC, kunye nokwakhiwa kwexesha lokugcina ukukhululeka, i-Q Silicon yonyuke kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-32.48 ± 0.64% (i-frozen yogcino). I-Tibetan kwiintsuku ezingama-60), izinga lokunyuka kwe-20.47%. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC, inqanaba lokunyuka kwe-CFW linciphile, lalandelwa yi-18.41%, kunye ne-12.48% (iTheyibhile 2.4). Kwangelo xesha, i-o∥ yenhlama engapheliyo inciphile ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kwe-HPMC yongezwa, ukusuka ku-32.48A-0.73 ± 0.20%. . Kwinkqubo yokugcina i-frezng, kunye ne-recyrystallization, ulwakhiwo lwe-Doles lutshatyalalisiwe, ukuze inxalenye yamanzi angaziwayo aguqulwa ibe ngamanzi anokutsha, ngaloo ndlela enyusa umxholo wamanzi anokutsha. Nangona kunjalo, i-HPMC inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukwakhiwa nokukhula kweekristale zomkhenkce kwaye kukhusela uzinzo lwenhlama, ke kuthintele ngokufanelekileyo ukwanda komxholo wamanzi anokutsha. Oku kuyahambelana nomthetho otshixisayo womxholo wamanzi anokuthenjwa kwinhlama ye-gluten ye-gluten, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inhlama iqulethe isitayile esikhulu, ixabiso le-CFW lincinci kune-G∥en Dolleen (iThebhile 3.2).

2.3.6 Iziphumo ze-IIPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kumgangatho wesonka esinemisi
2.3.6.1 Impembelelo ye-HPMC yokongelisa i-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina iqabaka kwivolumu ethile yesonka esinesonka
Umthamo othile wesonka esibethiweyo unokubonisa ngcono imbonakalo kunye nomgangatho weemvakalelo isonka esixhonyiweyo. Iqabaka enkulu yesonka esithile, enkulu ivolumu yesonka esinemigangatho eminye, kwaye ivolumu ethile inefuthe elithile lokubonakala, umbala, umbala, kunye novavanyo lokutya. Ngokubanzi, ii-buns ezinamanzi anevolumu enkulu ekhethekileyo nayo iyathandwa kakhulu ngabathengi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

I-FIG 2.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kweqanda kumthamo othile wesonka saseTshayina
Umthamo othile wesonka esibethiweyo unokubonisa ngcono imbonakalo kunye nomgangatho weemvakalelo isonka esixhonyiweyo. Iqabaka enkulu yesonka esithile, enkulu ivolumu yesonka esinemigangatho eminye, kwaye ivolumu ethile inefuthe elithile lokubonakala, umbala, umbala, kunye novavanyo lokutya. Ngokubanzi, ii-buns ezinamanzi anevolumu enkulu ekhethekileyo nayo iyathandwa kakhulu ngabathengi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
Nangona kunjalo, ivolumu ethile yesonka esenziwe kwi-flozen inhlama inciphile ngokwandiswa kwexesha lokugcina eliqaqambileyo. Phakathi kwazo, ivolumu ethile yesonka esenziwe kwinhlama eqaqambileyo ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC yayingu-2.835 ± 0.064 cm3 / g (i-g) Iintsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.495 ± 0.070 cm3 / g (i-frozen yokugcina iintsuku ezingama-60); Ngelixa ivolumu ethile yesonka esenziwe kwi-frozen yongezwa nge-2% ye-HPMC isuka kwi-3.160 ± 0.041 cm3 / g kwi-0.041 cm3 / g. I-451 ± 0.033 cm3 / g ke, ivolumu ethile yesonka esenziwe nge-frozen esongeziweyo nge-HPMC inciphile ngokunyuka kwenani elongeziweyo. Kuba ivolumu ethile yesonka esibekiweyo ayichaphazeleki kuphela ngumsebenzi wobubi wegxala-gesi (igesi yegesi ephakathi, igesi ephakathi yegesi inefuthe elibalulekileyo kumthamo othile wemveliso [96'9 ecatshulwe. Iziphumo zokulinganisa ezizezinye zepropathi ye-Roology zibonisa ukuba amandla engqibelelo kunye nolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lweNethiwekhi leNtengiso lutshatyalalisiwe ngexesha lokugcina i-Deadzing, kwaye inqanaba lomonakalo liqiniswe ngokuqina kwexesha lokugcina. Ngexesha lenkqubo, umthamo wakhe wegesi ophethe igesi uhluphekile, nto leyo ikhokelela ekwehliseni ivolumu ethile yesonka esixhonyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukuthembeka kwe-Dounerymed Wage, ukuze i-Doune-Holties igcinwe ngcono, ngenxa yoko, kwixesha le-HPMC, ivolumu ye-HPMC, ivolumu ehambelana nayo ifike kancinci.
2.3.6.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina i-furzen kwipropathi yesonka sesonka esinesonka
I-TPA yohlalutyo lweProjekthi) uvavanyo lwePropathi yePropathi yePropathi yePropathi yePropathi yePropathi yoMatshini kunye nomgangatho wokutya wePasta, kubandakanya nobunzima, i-elasticy, imbalelwano, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucukucesa, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukucutha, ukushenxisa, ukushenxiswa. Umzobo 2.3 bonisa isiphumo se-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula ngobulukhuni besonka esixhonyiweyo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inhlama entsha ngaphandle kwempatho yokuqaqamba, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC, ubulukhuni besonka esonyukayo. yehlile ukusuka kwi-355.55 ± 24.65G (isampulu engenanto) ukuya kwi-310.48 ± i-20.09 g (yongeza i-1% ye-1% ye-HPMC) kunye ne-2% ye-HPMC) ..3 Oku kunokuhambelana nokwanda kwevolumu ethile yesonka esibethiweyo. Ukongeza, njengoko kunokubonwa kumfanekiso 2.4, njengenani le-HPMC yongeza unyuso, intwasahlobo yesonka esenziwe nge-0.988 ± 0.006 (engenanto) ukuya ku-1, ngokulandelelana. .020 ± 0.004 (Yongeza i-0.5% ye-HPMC), 1.073 ± 0.006 (yongeza i-1% ipmc) kunye ne-1% ye-2% hpmc). Utshintsho lobunzima kunye nobunzima besonka esinemithi esibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokuphucula umgangatho wesonka esixhonyiweyo. Oku kuyahambelana neziphumo zophando zikaRosell, Rojas, uBenene-Dener (2001) [95] [95] kunye ne-Barcelos, iRosell (2005) [iRosell (2005) [i-Rosell (2005) [i-Rosell (2005) [i-Rosell (2005) [i-RSMS], i-HPMC inokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besonka kwaye siphucule umgangatho wesonka.

Umzobo 2.3 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-frozen kwi-hards yesonka saseTshayina
Kwelinye icala, kunye nokwanda kwexesha lokugcina eliqaqambileyo lenhlama ye-frozen, ubulukhuni besonka esenziweyo okwenziwa yiyongeze kakhulu (P <0.05), ngelixa i-elastity inciphile kakhulu (P <0.05). Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima be-buns ye-goad olwenziwe kwinhlama yefleyini ngaphandle kongezwe i-HPMC ukusuka kwi-358.267 ± 42.103 g (i-GARDEn GA ngeentsuku ezingama-60);

Ubulukhuni besonka esenziwe nge-rozen ene-2% ye-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-20% ye-HPMC isusela kwi-208.233 ± I-15.2.968 g (i-± 82.849 g (i-frozen g (i-frozen Gin kwiintsuku ezingama-60). I-Fig 2.4 ye-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-furzen kumthombo wesonka saseTshayina ngokwe-Elastity, i-± 0.008 ~ I-furzen ene-2% ye-HPMC yongeze i-elaistity ye-buns ye-cenmes eyenziwe nge-1.176 ± 0.003 (i-freez) kwi-0.962 ~ Ngokucacileyo, iqondo lokunyuka kwelukhuni kunye nenqanaba lokuphumelela kwe-elasticy linciphile ngokunyuka kwexabiso le-HPMC kwixesha le-flozen ngexesha lokugcina iqabaka. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wesonka esixhonyiweyo. Ukongeza, itafile ye-2.5 idwelisa iimpembelelo ze-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-rozen kwezinye isonka sokutyumba isonka esibethiweyo. ) wayengenalo utshintsho olubalulekileyo (P> 0.05); Nangona kunjalo, ngeentsuku ezi-0 zokukhululeka, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC ukongezwa, ubuhlazo kunye nokuhla kwehle kakhulu (P

Kwelinye icala, kunye nokwanda kwexesha lexesha lokuzibopha, ukuhlangana kunye nokubuyisela isonka sesonka esigibileyo kunciphile kakhulu. Kwisonka esenziwe nge-frozen ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC, i-radion yayo inyuswe yi-0.48 + i-0,49 + i-0,49 + i-0,49 + i-0,49 + i-0,49 g (i-frozen i-0,01 (i-frozen ye-0); Nangona kunjalo, kwii-cuns zenziwe kwinhlama ye-frozen ene-2% ye-HPMC, i-codision incitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-0.93 + 0.02 g (0.01 g (0-0.02 (i-frozen ye-frozen yeentsuku ezingama-60). Ukongeza, kunye nokwanda kwexesha lokugcina abakhethiweyo, ukunamathela kunye nokucokisa isonka esigayiweyo sonyuke kakhulu. Kwisonka esinemitha esenziwe kwinhlama esecaleni ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC, lo theko wanyuswa nge-336.54 + 37. I-24 (0 kwiintsuku ezingama-0 zokugcina i-frozen) inyuke yaya kwi-1232.86 ± 67.67 (iintsuku ezingama-60 zomsebenzi olwenziweyo) ukuya kwi-1005.76 + 83.95 (iqabaka kangangeentsuku ezingama-60); Nangona kunjalo, kwi-buns ye-cens eyenziwe kwinhlama eqaqambileyo ene-2% ye-HPMC, i-Nationance yanda ukusuka kwi-206.62 + 1 1.84 (i-frozen ngeentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-472.84. I-96 + i-45.58 (Ukugcinwa kweqabaka kangangeentsuku ezingama-60), ngelixa chebination inyuke ukusuka ngo-2007.78 + 10.21 (i-frozen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-404.26 (i-frozen ges). Oku kubonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokubangela utshintsho kwiipropathi zezinto ezibhaliweyo zesonka esibekiweyo esibangelwa kukugcinwa kwenkunkuma. Ukongeza, iinguqu kwipropathi yesonka seSonka ebiweyo ezibangelwe kukugcinwa kwenkunkuma (njengokunyuka kwe-National kunye nokuhlakulela amandla okubuyisela) kukutshintsha kwethamo (ivolumu yesonka esithile esimileyo. Yiyo loo nto, iingcongconi (umz, ubuntu, i-elongwation, iipropathi ze-riheolot) zinokuphuculwa ngokongeza i-HPMC kwi-Crystals ye-ice (kunye ne-HPMCEALC), yenzelwa i-cessen ye-cerden yomgangatho we-buns esele iphuculwe.
2.4 Isishwankathelo seSahluko
I-HydroxyPOpyl Methylcelcelsulose (HPMC) luhlobo lwe-hydrophilic ye-hydrophilic, kunye nophando lwesicelo kwi-inhlama ye-Chinesen kunye nesonka se-Chinese-Style (njengesonka se-Chinese) njengemveliso yokugqibela isasilela. Eyona njongo iphambili yesi sifundo kukuvavanya isiphumo sokuphuculwa kwe-HPMC ngokuphanda isiphumo se-HPMC kwimigca ye-HPMC kunye nomgangatho we-theoretical sonka kwi-HPMC kwiSonka eseleyo kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-China Chinese. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokuphucula iipropathi zeFamaceraceal zenhlama. Xa isixa songezelelo se-HPMC siyi-2%, inqanaba lokufumana amanzi lenhlama linyuswa ukusuka kwi-58.10% kwiqela lolawulo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60.60%; I-2 min inyuke yaya kwi-12.2 imiz; Kwangelo xesha, ixesha le-Doule Ixesha liyehle ukusuka kwi-2.1 min kwiqela lolawulo ukuya kwi-1.5 yezitho; Iqondo elibuthathaka liye lehliselwe ukusuka kwi-55 fu kwiqela lolawulo ukuya kwi-18 fu. Ukongeza, i-HPMC iphinde yaphucula iipropathi zenzuzo zenhlama. Ngokwanda kwe-HPMC yongezwa, i-Elongition yenhlama yanda kakhulu; kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokugcina i-frozen, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunciphise inqanaba lokunyuka kwe-inhlama, ukuhambisa uzinzo lwe-inhlamo, ngaloo ndlela inikezela ngomopholo lwe-Dound-fiction, ngaloo ndlela ukuphuculwa kozinzo lwenethiwekhi. Umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela iqinisekisiwe.
Kwelinye icala, iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba i-HPMC ikwanolawulo olusemgangathweni kunye nokuphucula isonka esenziwe ngenzuzo esenziwe kwinhlama esecaleni. Kwiisampulu ezingafunekiyo, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC yonyuse ivolumu ethile yesonka esinesonka kwaye iphucule ubunzima besonka esixhonyiweyo, kwanga kwangaxeshanye sinciphise i-National Stoules Stoumes. Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC ethintela ukonakala komgangatho we-buns ye-stses ehamba kwinhlamo yokugcina amanzi, kunye nokuncipha kwe-buns ye-buns, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-elaistity ye-Buns
Ukuqukumbela, oku kubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokusetyenziswa ekuqhubekeni kwengxondorha yenqwanqwa enesonka esitshatileyo njengemveliso yokugqibela, kwaye inesiphumo sokugcina okungcono kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wesonka esiqaqambileyo.
ISAHLUKO 3 IINKQUBO ZOKWENZIWA KWE-HPMC kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi zengqolowa yengqolowa phantsi kweemeko zokukhupha
3.1 Intshayelelo
Ingqolowa i-gluten yeyona protein yogcino eninzi kwingqolowa yengqolowa, inika ingxelo ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeprotheyini iyonke. Ngokutsho kokubengezela kwezinto zayo, kunokubahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula-hlulofini (inyibilikisi kwisisombululo se-alkaline) kunye neGliadin (inyibilikisi kwisisombululo se-alkaline). kwisisombululo se-ethanol). Phakathi kwabo, ubunzima bemolekyuli (MW) ye-Glutnin iphezulu nge-1x107DA, kwaye ineentambo ezimbini, ezinokwenza amaqhina angasengqiqweni kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nexesha elinokulahlekisa. Ngelixa ubunzima be-molecular be-Gliadin kuphela yi-1x104DA, kwaye kukho i-subnit enye kuphela, enokwenza iimolekyuli zangaphakathi zokulahleka kwe-100. I-Casipres, iSedefe, & NG (1 996) yahlulahlula-hlula i-inhlama kwiinkqubo ezimbini: Igalelo lamandla (inkqubo yokuxuba i-Doughin). Kuyakholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ngexesha le-Douslenition, i-Glutenin ichaza amandla okuqina kunye namandla enhlamo, ngelixa i-Gliadin ichaza i-viscofity kunye nolwelo lwenhlama [102]. Ingabonwa ukuba iproteyini ye-gluten inendima engenakuphikiswa nengabonakaliyo ekwenzeni i-Dounet Gat Super, kwaye inyuse inhlama enomlinganiso, i-viscoelity kunye nokufula amanzi.
Ukongeza, ukusuka kwindawo yemicroscopic, ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yeenethiwekhi ezintathu zenhlamo kuhamba kunye ne-Bondsmolecular Bonds (ezinjengeebhoni ezingabalulekanga) kunye ne-hydrogen bonds, i-hydrophobic ye-hydrojenic) [103]. Nangona amandla ohlobo lwesibini
Ubungakanani kunye nokuzinza bube buthathaka kunemigodi enamachaphaza, kodwa badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-gluten [1041].
Kwinhlama eqanduselweyo, phantsi kweemeko zokukhulula, ukwenziwa nokukhula kweekristale zomkhenkce (i-crystallization kunye nenkqubo yokuphinda yenziwe i-domtery) iya kutshabalala, kwaye i-microscopic iya kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye i-microscopic iya kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye i-microscoping iya kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye i-microscopic iya kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye i-microscopic iya kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye i-microscopic iya kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye i-microscopic. Ehamba notshintsho kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi ze-gluten protein [105'1061. NjengeZhao, et A1. . Ukongeza, iinguqulelo zotshintsho lwendawo kunye ne-thermodynamic ye-gluten protein ziya kuchaphazela iipropathi zokulungisa i-doms kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokugcina ingqolowa, yeyokuphandle ukubaluleka kokuphanda utshintsho lwamanzi (i-crystal ye-ice cystal) kunye nesakhiwo kunye neepropathi zeprotheni ye-gluten phantsi kweemeko zexesha lokugcina.
Njengoko kuchaziwe kwintshayelelo, njenge-selsulose hydrocolloid, ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcelculose (i-HPMC) kwi-rozen inhlama ayifundwanga kakhulu, kwaye nophando ngenkqubo yayo incinci.
Ke ngoko, injongo yolu vavanyo kukusebenzisa ingqolowa yengqolowa yengqolowa (i-Gluten Dough), i-0, 0, i-0, 0, i-0, 0, 2, i-Gluten Protheliin Rheologing, i-thermodynamic iPropathi, kunye nePropathi Iipropathi ze-phycochemical, emva koko ziphonononge izizathu zotshintsho kwiipropathi zokulungisa i-inhlama ye-cerzen, kunye nendima yeengxaki ze-HPMC, ukuze ziphucule ukuqonda kweengxaki ezinxulumene noko.
3.2 Izixhobo kunye neendlela
3.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo
Gluten Ahui rui fu xiang ukutya Co., ltd.; Hydroxypropyl methylcelcellulose (i-HPMC, efanayo nangentla) ye-aladdin Chemicals Reagent Cougent Cougent Co., Ltd.
3.2.2 Isixhobo sokuvavanywa
Igama lesixhobo
Ukufunyanwa. R3 Rheometer
I-DSC. I-Q200 ye-calorive yololori
I-PQ00 1 i-hir-fil ye-NMR ye-NMR
I-722e spectraphotometer
JSM. I-6490lv tungsn filing scan iskench ye-elektroni
I-HHIT ye-HIGITATATATATATATATATA YOKUHLAZIYA
I-BC / BD. Ifriji ye-272SC
I-BCD. Ifriji yefriji
Mna. I-5 i-ultra-radectronicy
Umfundi oMncinci osenzekelayo
UNicolet 67 Inguqu ye-4ier Fiectrometer Spectrometer
Fd. 1b. I-50 vacuum shruide yomile
Kdc. I-160hr ephezulu ye-Centrifuge yesantya esiqinisekisiweyo
I-Thermo Fisher FC i-facleng ngquko ye-MicroPlate
I-PB. Imodeli 10 ph imitha
I-Myp ll. Chwetheza i-2 magnetic sperrer
Mx. Uhlobo lwe-oscillator yangoku
I-SX2.4.10 i-miuffle
I-Kjeeltec ye-TM4400 I-Indeskic Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Umvelisi
Inkampani yaseMelika ye-ta
Inkampani yaseMelika ye-ta
Inkampani yeShanghai Nimet
I-Shanghai Spectrum isixhobo co,, ltd.
I-NTPON FOLOFFOMICONALD Com
I-Jincan Jincheng Guoheng Gures
I-Qingdao Hoier Iqela
Hefei mei ling co., ltd.
USartorius, Germany
I-Thermo Fisher, e-USA
I-Thermo Nicolet, e-USA
I-Beijing Bo yi ying isixhobo sokuvavanya isixhobo co., ltd.
Ahui Zhong Ke Zhong Jia weSayensi CO., Ltd.
I-Thermo Fisher, e-USA
I-Cortiris Germany
Shanghai mei ying pumelelo ye-su., ltd.
I-Scilogex, i-USA
Huangshi Hengfeng Izixhobo CO., Ltd.
Inkampani ye-Danish Foss inkampani
3.2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kweenguqulelo
Zonke iikhementi zekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kuvavanyo lwalungowahlalutya ibanga.
3.2.4 Indlela yovavanyo
3.2.4.1 Ukumiselwa kwezinto ezisisiseko ze-gluten
Ngokwe-GB 5009.5_2010, GB 5003,2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.

3.2.4.2 Ukulungiswa kwe-flzen ye-gluten i-domguen
Ubunzima obuyi-100 g ye-gluten kwiBeaker, yongeza amanzi aqingqiweyo (40%, w) kuyo, kwaye uyikhuphe kwifriji kangangeeyure eziyi-4. Ekugqibeleni, Ixesha elithile (iintsuku ezili-15, iintsuku ezingama-30 kunye neentsuku ezingama-60) I-HPMC yongezelelo.
3.2.4.3 Ukuzimisela kweepropathi ze-rumoogical ye-Gluten ubunzima
Xa ixesha elihambelanayo lokuhambisa liphelile, thatha i-fluten i-gluten ubunzima kwaye ubeke kwifriji ye-4 ° ukuya kwifriji ye-4 ° ukuya kwi-8 iiyure. Emva koko, susa isampulu kwaye ubeke kubushushu begumbi kude kufike isampulu isebenza ngokupheleleyo (le ndlela yokuThunyelwa kwe-GLTEEN isebenza kamva kwinxalenye yovavanyo, 2.7.1 naka-2.9). Isampulu (malunga ne-2 g) yendawo ephakathi yendawo enyibilikiweyo ye-gluten i-gluten ubunzima kwaye ibekwe kwi-Rheometer (iplate esezantsi). I-Surein itshayela) Ukuchonga ingingqi ye-viscoestity ye-viscoestity (i-LVR), iiparamitha ezithile zokuvavanya zisetwe-iplate ye-1000, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lisetelwe kwi-25 ° C, i-Carlin Scanness i-0.01%. I-100%, i-frequency isetiwe kwi-1 hz. Emva koko, emva kokutshintsha isampulu, mayiyekele imizuzu eli-10, kwaye yenze amandla
I-frequency ityhutyha, iiparamitha ezithile zovavanyo zimiselwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo-i-Strain yi-0.5% (kwi-LVR), kunye ne-frequency drive i-0.1 hz. I-HZ, ngelixa ezinye iiparamitha ziyafana neeparamitha ezitshatileyo. Idatha yokuskena ifunyenwe kwimodi ye-logarithmic, kunye namanqaku ama-5 eenkcukacha (iiplothi) zirekhodwa kwi-curve ye-ratheological ye-10 storba, ukuze ufumane i-abscissa, ukuze i-surcissa ye-ragulus (G ') ye-gesional grivelive ye-rotinate. Kufanelekile ukuba emva kwexesha emva kokuba isampulu icinezelwe yingqumbo, isampulu egqithisileyo kufuneka igcinwe ngebala, kwaye ioyile yeparafini isetyenziswa kwimodeli yokuthintela umswakama ngexesha lovavanyo. ilahleko. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
3.2.4.4 Ukuzimisela kwePropathi ye-Thermodynamic
Ngokwendlela ye-BOT (2003) [1081, i-calorive ye-caloring ye-caloring (i-DSC Q.200) yayisetyenziswa kolu vavanyo ukulinganisa iipropathi ze-Thermodynamic ezifanelekileyo.
(1) Ukuzimisela komxholo wamanzi anokutshayiswa
Isampulu ye-15 mg ye-gluten emanzi yayixinekile kwaye itywiniwe kwi-aluminium idyumbe (ilungele isampulu yolwelo). Inkqubo yokumiliselwa kunye neeparamitha zezi zilandelayo: I-C yokuba i-5 ° C kwi-5 ° C nge-5 ° C nge-5 ° C nge-5 ° C nge-Aluminum ye-ALUMInum yayisetyenziswa njengereferensi. I-curve efunyenweyo ye-DSC yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa isoftware yohlalutyo i-AddyAl Addylil Apportm 2000, ngokuhlalutya iincopho ezijikeleze i-0 ° C. Ukudibana ngokufumana ukunyibilika kwe-cleshals yomkhenkce (i-YU suku). Emva koko, umxholo wamanzi anokuthenjwa (CFW) ubalwa yile fomyula yalandelayo [85-86]:

Phakathi kwawo, ezintathu, zimele ubushushu obungaphantsi komswakama, kwaye ixabiso layo yi-334 j / g; I-MC imele ukufuma ngokupheleleyo komswakama we-gluten emanzi (ilinganiswe ngokwe-GB 50093.2010 [. 78]). 78]). Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
(2) Ukuzimisela kweqondo lokuhlaselwa kwe-thermal peak
I-freeze-eyomileyo yesampulu ye-frozen-odit, igwila kwakhona, kwaye idlulise nge-100-mesh sieve ukufumana i-Gluten Propter Propter Prouper (Le Powder eqinileyo isebenza kwi-2.8). Isampuli ye-10 mg gluten protein iprojekyuli yayixineneyo kwaye itywinwe kwi-aluminiumd entle (kwiisampulu eziqinileyo). Iiparamitha zokulinganisa i-DSC zaye zamiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, ukuxhotyiswa nge-20 ° C ukuba ibe yi-100 ° C nge-100 ° C nge-1 ° C nge-9 ° C ngentsimbi ye-witrogen njenge-80 ml / min / imiz. Sebenzisa into etywiniweyo engenanto njengereferensi, kwaye usebenzise isoftware yohlalutyo i-2000 ukuhlalutya i-curve ye-DSC efunyenweyo yokufumana i-curve ye-cermuten protein protein protein protein protein protein protein protein iprotein protein protein protein protein protein protein iprotein protein iprotein protein protein protein protein protein protein protein. Isampulu nganye iphindaphindwa kathathu.
3.2.4.5 Ukuzimisela kwe-Sulfhydryl ye-Sulfhydryl (c) yengqolowa yengqolowa
Umxholo weqela lamaqela e-Sulfhydryl yasimahla yayimiselwa ngokwendlela yeBeverdg, uTarma, & Nakai (1974) [hu], ngolungiso olufanelekileyo. Ubunzima be-40 mg yengqolowa ye-GLuten Proupin Proupin yeProtein, inyibilike kakuhle, kwaye yenze ukuba ichithwe kwi-4 ml ye-dodecyl sulfondate
Sodium sodium (SDS). I-Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris). I-Glycine (Gly). I-Tetracetic acid 7, i-Amine (E-Edta) Buffer (i-DEIS ye-Tris, 6.9 glycine kunye ne-1,2 G ifinyezwe kwi-25 min, kwaye inyibilikisiwe kwi-10 min, i-Supermatant ifunyenwe emva Ikhulu le-10 min nge-4 ° C kunye ne-5000 × g. Umxholo weprotheni ye-Ollman ugqitywe yi-o.20. I-RAG / ML

Phakathi kwabo, i-73.53 kukuphela kolungelelwaniso; Ixabiso le-abtorbhation; D yi-diltor factor (1 apha); G luxinzelelo lweprotein. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
3.2.4.6 Ukuzimisela kwe-1h i "2 Ixesha lokuphumla
NgokukaKontogiriorgos, Goff, & Kaapis (2007) Indlela [1111, 2 G ye-Glute ye-Geluten ye-nurgler ye-nurgler ye-nurgler ye-nueclear ye-nurgler, kwaye ifakwe kwi-6 min, amandla entsimi, amandla entsimi Ngu-0.43 T, i-DoRendance Rill, kunye nokulandelelana kwe-purse-puraboom-gill-gill-gills, kunye ne-pill ye-pills, kunye ne-pulation ye-pill ibe mncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kweli xesha lovavanyo, kusetwe kwi-5 m s. I-Assay nganye yayiskenwa izihlandlo ezisi-8 ukonyusa umqondiso we-imeyile Ixesha lokuphumla lifumaneka kwezi ziqulun zilandelayo:

Phakathi kwabo, m ngumsebenzi wokuboleka kwexabiso le-Ampling yesayino kunye nexesha (t) njengohlobo oluzimeleyo; I-Yang) ngumsebenzi we-hydrogen ye-hydrogen proton proton kunye nexesha lokuphumla (d) njengohlobo oluzimeleyo.
Esebenzisa i-algorithm yokuqhubeka kweSoftware yohlalutyo lwesoftware edityaniswe nenguqu engenamanzi, isikhuselo senziwe ukufumana ijika eliqhubekayo lokusasaza. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu
3.2.4 Ukuzimisela kwesakhiwo sesibini sengqolowa yengqolowa yengqolowa
Kweli xesha lovavanyo, ukuguqula i-specter ene-infrate exhotywe ngokubonakalayo kweyona nto iguqulweyo (i-ATR) isetyenziselwe ukumisela ubume besibini se-gluten protein proterin, kunye nekristali yeCarceride isetyenziswa njengomcoci. Zombini isampulu kunye nengqokelela yangasemva iskenwa izihlandlo ezingama-64 ngesigqibo se-4 cm ~ kunye noluhlu lweskena le-4000 cmq-500 cm ~. Ukusasaza inani elincinci leProplein eqinileyo kumphezulu wedayimani kwi-onring, kwaye emva koko, emva kokujika kwe-Develsar (kwaye ekugqibeleni ufumane i-abscissa, kunye ne-abcissa. .
Sebenzisa isoftware ye-Omnini ukwenza ulungiso olusisiseko oluzenzekelayo Ilungile isoftware ye-4.12 yesoftware ye-SOFT, i-Deaier FoenOLLS kunye ne-Fibive Strivation kwiCandelo le-Amide I-ITORT (∥) ifikelelekile kwi-Locary Cortic. Isixa (%), oko kukuthi, indawo encotsheni / indawo ye-Peak. Ukufana ezintathu kwenziwa isampulu nganye.
3.2.4.8 Ukuzimisela kwe-hydrophobiction ye-gluten protein protein
Ngokwendlela ye-KOTO & Nakai (1920) [1120) [112], uNaphthalene Sulfoni acid (Ans) wayesetyenziswa njenge-fluorescent probrophonity yengqolowa yengqolowa. Ubunzima obuyi-100 mg gluten prother iprojekyini ye-powder, isasaze nge-15 ml, i-0,2m, i-PHREMERE ye-C, i-PHRETATE ye-ATMETATE ye-ATERATE YOKUGQIBELA I-Cooomassie Paysing kwi I-Supernatantint, emva koko ngokwemilinganiselo yemilinganiselo, i-supernatant ichithwe nge-PBs ye-5 yeegrafitings ze-5, kwaye uxinzelelo lweprotein luse-0.
I-Abys il il i-il ts (i-15.0 MMOL / L) yongezwa kwisisombululo sesampulu ye-GAEDIT (i-4 ml), inyibilikiswe ipleyiti ye-cube ephantsi, kwaye ifudukele kwi-Musiate ye-Fluorest yokulinganisa i-fluoresces. Ukuqaqanjelwa kokukhanya kunye ne-484 i-slit ukukhanya. I-hydrophobicty ifakwe kakuhle kunye ne-abscissa ibonakaliswe kwi-curvesity yobubanzi be-fluores ubuncinci.
3.2.4.9 Ukujongwa kwe-elektroniki
Emva kokukhulula i-flzen i-guruten ubunzima ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC kunye nokongeza i-HPMC kwaye yongeza i-HPMC yeentsuku ezingama-9 kunye neentsuku ezingama-60, emva koko zafakwa kwi-SCHROR ye-Electron (Jsm.6490lv). Ukujongwa kwe-morphological kwenziwa. I-voltage yokukhawulezisa icwangciselwe ukuya kwi-20 kv kunye nokukhula ngama-100.
3.2.4.10 Ukulungiswa kwedatha
Zonke iziphumo zibonakalisiwe njengokuphambuka komgangatho ophakathi kwe-4, kwaye le mivuzo ingentla yaphindaphindwa kathathu ngaphandle kwe-Skenan microscopy. Sebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0 ukuzoba iitshathi, kwaye usebenzise i-SPSS 19.0 yenye. UVAVANYO LOKWENZIWA KOVAVANYO LWE-DALANCANCANCANCANNORK NOKUVAVANYA OKUGQIBELA
3. Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo
3.3.1 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surzy kwipropathi ye-ritheogical ye-Gluten ubunzima
Iipropathi ze-ROOOOOOLOPRTTERTERTERS ziyindlela esebenzayo yokubonisa ubume kunye neepropathi zezixhobo zokutya kunye nokuqikelela kwaye kuvavanye imveliso [113j. Njengoko sonke sazi, iproteyini ye-glutin yeyona nto iphambili inika i-Dough viscoelity. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 3.1, I-Synamic Frequency (0.1.10 Hz) Iziphumo ze-HZOR), iMongoluli ye-Elastic, ngenxa yoko, i-Glutul Doments ibonakalise i-rames. I-Intramolecular Glutnin I-Golutnin yoLungiso lwe-Commal-Ukunxibelelanisa okanye ukunxibelelana okungapheliyo kulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi ye-Do & (ka-11]. Ukongeza, i-G 'modyuli ye I-Dluten ye-Gluten ene-0%, i-0.5% ne-1% ye-HPMC yongezelelekile ibonise ukuba i-HPMCE ye-HPMEEN ye-HPMEEN ye-HPMEEN ye-HPMEEN ye-HPMOC ayibonisanga ukwanda kwe-0 ukuya kwi-60 yeentsuku. Ukwabelana ngesondo (Umzobo 3.1, D). Oku kubonisa ukuba ubume bothungelwano lwe-Geluten omanzi lwe-gluten ubunzima ngaphandle kwe-HPMC lwatshabalaliswa ngamakristali omkhenkce, ehambelana neziphumo ezifunyanwa yi-Kontogiring, i-kaapis, i-kaapis, eyafunyanwa kukuba umsebenzi we-domarzing wancitshiswa kakhulu.

Impembelelo ye-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-furzen kwiipropathi ze-suloology ye-Gluten Dough
Qaphela: phakathi kwawo, i-oscillation isket isket molting yesiphumo se-gluten emanzi ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC: B yi-oscillation iskena iskena i-culluten ye-GLMEEN yongeza i-0.5% ye-HPMC; C Ngaba i-oscilla yokunyuka i-scanting yeskena yokusongeza i-1% ye-HPMC: D yi-oscillation iskena isiphumo sokusongeza i-2% ye-HPMC ye-Gluten ye-Gluten Gluten ye-Gluten Gluten ye-Gluten Gluten ye-Gluten Gluten ye-Gluten Gluten ye-Gluten Gluten Caluten.
Ngexesha lokugcina umkhenkce, umswakama kwi-gluten ye-gluten emanzi ngenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwendawo ye-ice, i-swidc. amanye amaqhina ekhemikhali ngokuxhuzula emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthelekisa ukuthelekiswa kwamaqela abonise ukuba i-HPMC inokuthintela ukwenziwa nokukhula kwamakristali omkhenkce, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-GLTEEN YE-GLTEEN, kwaye ngaphakathi kwe-HPMC yongezwa.
3.3.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina kumxholo we-freezer yokufuma (CFW) kunye nozinzo lwe-thermal
3.3.2.1 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yongeno kunye nexesha lokugcina ixesha lokugcina umxholo onokutshabaleka (CFW) kwi-Dluten Gluten Doluten
Ikristali yomkhenkce yenziwa linqanaba lokutshintsha kwamanzi anokutsha kumaqondo obushushu ngezantsi kwendawo yakhe. Ke ngoko, umxholo wamanzi anokuthenjwa uchaphazela ngqo inani, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa kweekristali zomkhenkce kwinhlama ye-frozen. Iziphumo zovavanyo (iTheyibhile 3.2) Veza ukuba njengoko ixesha lokugcina i-freazing landiswa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-0 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-60, i-Gluten i-Gluten Culicon ngokuthe ngcembe inkulu, ehambelana neziphumo zophando zabanye [117'11 81]. Ngokukodwa, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, i-Action Translapy (yoSuku) lwe-GLTMEEN inyuka i-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-134.08 J / G (0 d) ukuya kwi-49.78% ye-19.59%. Nangona kunjalo, iisampulu zixhaswe nge-0.5%, i-1% ne-2% ye-HPMC, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokukhulula, i-C-CASS inyuke nge-20.07%, ene-15,96, ehambelana ne-MATA, et A1. .
Ukunyuka kwe-CFW ikakhulu kungenxa yenkqubo ye-revystalling kunye notshintsho lwe-gluten progranment, etshintsha imeko yamanzi ukusuka emanzini angenakuthelekiswa nawo. Olu tshintsho kwi-smart firtional luvumela amakristali ye-ice crystale ukuba uvalelwe kwi-inrstices yenethiwekhi, ubume benethiwekhi (i-pores) ngokuthe ngcembe ibe inkulu kakhulu, ekhokelela kwintshabalalo yeendonga. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko obalulekileyo we-0W phakathi kwesampulu kunye ne-HPMC kunye nesampulu yendawo ebonakalayo inokugcina ukuba i-HPMC ihlale izinzile ngexesha le-cluten, kwaye inciphisa umgangatho wemveliso. ukuwohloka.

3.3.2.2 Iziphumo zongeza imixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-HPMC kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surrtical ngokuzinza kwe-gluten protein
Ukuzinza kwe-shiruten kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni kweenkozo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yePasta yeSetyhula [211]. Umzobo 3.2 ubonisa i-DSC efunyenweyo i-DSC ijika ngeqondo lobushushu (° C) njenge-abscissa kunye nokuhamba kobushushu (MW) njengo-ormate. Iziphumo zovavanyo (iTheyibhile 3.3) ifumanise ukuba iqondo lobushushu be-gluten protein iproteyini kwaye ngaphandle kokongeza i-IPMC yayingama-52.95 ° C, e-E1. . With the addition of 0% unfrozen, O. Compared with the heat denaturation temperature of gluten protein with 5%, 1% and 2% HPMC, the heat deformation temperature of gluten protein corresponding to 60 days increased by 7.40℃, 6.15℃, 5.02℃ and 4.58℃, respectively. Ngokucacileyo, phantsi kwemeko yexesha elifanayo lokugcina, ukunyuka kobushushu be-didating encotsheni (n) yehle ngokulandelelana ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC. Oku kuyahambelana nomgaqo wotshintsho lweziphumo zokukhala. Ukongeza, kwiisampulu ezingafunekiyo, njengenani le-HPMC yonyuso, i-N Ixabiso linquma ngokulandelelana. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwe-intermolecular phakathi kwe-HPMC ngomsebenzi we-molecular kunye ne-gluten, njengokuqulunqwa kweebhondi ezinama-122j].

Qaphela: oonobumba abasezantsi abasezantsi kwikholamu abonisa umahluko obalulekileyo (P <0.05) ukongeza, ii-MARES (1990) zikholelwa ukuba i-ang choin ichaza amaqela aphezulu e-prosecule kwaye athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-molecule [1231]. Ke ngoko, amaqela ama-hydrophobic e-gluten avezwa ngexesha lokukhulula, kwaye i-HPMC inokwenza ukuzinzisa ngempumelelo i-molecular veration ye-gluten.

Umzobo we-DSC thermograms ze-gluten yeeproteni ze-gluten nge-0% ye-HPMC (A); nge-O.5% ye-HPMC (B); nge-1% ye-HPMC (B); nge-1% ye-HPMC (B); Qaphela: i-curve ye-DSC yengqolowa yengqolowa ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC; B ngongezwa kwe-O. I-DSC i-curve yengqolowa yengqolowa nge-5% ye-HPMC; C yindawo ye-DSC ye-gluten ene-1% ye-HPMC; D yi-curve ye-DSC yengqolowa yengqolowa nge-2% ye-HPMC 3.3.3 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-Sulfhydyl kunye ne-Intermolecular kunye ne-Intramomeler. I-rackeded bond (-S-) ngunxibelelwano olunamasinga olwenziwe yihydrogenation yamaqela amabini e-Sulfhydryl (.Ssh). I-Glutnin yenziwa nge-glutnin kunye neGliadin, eyayisakuba yibhotile yokungazithembi, ngelixa le ndlela inokuthi yenze ibhombu ye-Intramolecular kuphela [1241] Ke i-Bondsficlide yeBind. indlela ebalulekileyo yokunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo. Xa kuthelekiswa ukongeza i-0%, o. I-C-SH ye-5% kunye ne-1% ye-HPMC ngaphandle konyango lwe-HELMC kunye ne-C-sh ye-C-sh ye-S-SHOTEN emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokunyuka zineedigri ezahlukeneyo zolwando. Ngokukodwa, ubuso ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yongeze i-gluten c. shre / g ukuya kwi-2,76 "" mol / Golfish, Gold / G ukuya kwi-5.66). I-MOL / ET A1. (2012) ifumene ukuba emva kweentsuku ezili-120 zokugcina i-frozen, umxholo wamaqela angama-1081 onokuthi abonakale kangangeentsuku ezili-10, enokufaneleka ukuba i-C-Shrinking Shriying Shrintin ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTHIN YOKUGQIBELA, EYENZA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA NOKUGQIBELA Iibhondi zokulahlekisa zenziwa ekuhlaleni ngexesha elifutshane lokuzala [1161. Wang, et A1 protein. ixesha.

Umzobo 3.3 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-rozen kumxholo we-gluten ye-gluten njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, amanzi anokuthethwa ngumatshini ophantsi kwaye asasaze kwi-intertices yenethiwekhi ye-gluten. Ke ngoko, kunye nokwakhiwa kwexesha lokukhupha, i-crystal ye-ice inkulu, inyibilikisa iprotein yeprotein ye-gluten ngakumbi, kwaye ikhokelela ekutyeni kwezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kunye ne-Intramolecular, enyusa umxholo wamaqela e-Sulfhydryl yasimahla. Kwelinye icala, iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokukhusela i-discod ye-dissure demonakalo yomonakalo we-crystals yomkhenkce, okuthintele inkqubo ye-depolymen ye-Gluten Protein protein protein protein protein ye-gluten protein protein protein protein yegluten. 3.3.4 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina ixesha lokuphumla (i-T2) ye-Gluten Times Times Ixesha lokuphumla (i-T2) linokubonisa imodeli yokufudukela kwamanzi kwizinto zokutya [6]. Umzobo 3.4 bonisa ukuhanjiswa kobunzima be-gluten emanzi kwiintsuku eziyi-0 kunye neentsuku ezingama-60, kubandakanywa amathuba ama-4 amathuba okusasaza, oko kukuthi 0.12 ms (t24) kunye no-1 000 ms () kunye ne-1 000 ms (). I-Bosmans et al. . Ukongeza, kontogiriorgos (2007) - t11¨, 'imitya "yenethiwekhi ye-gluten protein ye-Gluten ye-Gluten ye-Gluten, kunye namanzi aphezulu, amanzi aphezulu, amanzi aphakathi kokuhamba kwamanzi kunye namanzi asimahla. Kwaye i-T23 inokuthi ichazwe kukufumana ixesha lokuphumla kwamanzi athintelweyo. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-T24 (> i-100 ms) kunexesha elide lokuphumla, ngoko ke libonisa amanzi asimahla ngendlela enamandla. La manzi akhona kwi-pores yesakhiwo senethiwekhi, kwaye kukho kuphela i-capillary ebuthathaka yenkqubo yeproteyini ye-gluten.

Umzobo 3.4 Isiphumo sefuthe loMntu weFipmc kunye nokugcinwa kwe-frozen kwi-curves yexesha lokuphumla le-gluten
Qaphela: A kwaye imele ixesha lokuphumla eliguqukayo (n) lokuhambisa i-curuten enemixholo eyahlukeneyo yongezwa ngeentsuku ezingama-0 kunye neentsuku ezingama-60 kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, ngokulandelelana
Ukuthelekisa i-domade ye-gluten ye-gluten kunye ne-HPMC eyahlukileyo ye-HPMC igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina i-60 kunye ne-T21 kunye ne-T24 ye-T24 engabonisi ukuba i-HPMC iyonyusa kakhulu i-HPMC yamanzi awotshiweyo. Umxholo, onokubangelwa yinto yokuba izinto eziphambili zokubopha amanzi (iproteyini ye-gluten enexabiso elincinci lesitatshi) alitshintshiwe kakhulu ngokongezwa kwe-HPMC encinci ye-HPMC. Kwelinye icala, ngokuthelekisa iindawo zokuhambisa ii-T21 kunye ne-T24 ye-GLTEEN YOKUGQIBELA I-HPMC yongezwa kumaxesha ogcino ahlukeneyo, kwaye inolwalamano olubi kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye inefuthe elibi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Utshintsho alunangqondo kwaye aluchaphazelekanga kangako.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ocacileyo ekuphakameni nasekuhanjisweni kwe-T23 ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN ye-GLTEEN eyayingasebenziyo kwaye iqulathe ukongezwa kwe-HPMC, kunye nolwando kunye nomhlaba kunye nendawo ye-T23 yokusasaza (i-3.4). Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokunyusa kakhulu umxholo wamanzi anqongopheleyo, kwaye ihambelana nexabiso elongeziweyo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. Ukongeza, ukwandiswa kwexesha lokugcina ukukhululeka, ukuphakama kunye nendawo ye-T23 yokusasazwa kwe-GLTEEN YOKUGQIBELA I-GLTMEEN nge-HPMC ye-HPMC inciphe ukuya kwidigri eyahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa namanzi adityanisiweyo, amanzi anqongopheleyo abonakalise ifuthe elithile kwisitoreji. Imvakalelo. Le ndlela iphakamisa ukuba intsebenzo phakathi kwe-Gluten Proupin Matrix kunye namanzi avaliweyo ayabuthathaka. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokuba amaqela ama-hydrophobic aveliswe ngexesha lokukhulula, ehambelana ne-thedatial dabisagement imilinganiselo yobushushu. Ngokukodwa, ukuphakama kunye nendawo yokuhanjiswa kwe-T23 ye-GLTEEN YOKUGQIBELA I-2% ye-HPMC ayikhange ibonise umahluko obalulekileyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokunciphisa umda wokufuduka kunye nokusasazwa kwamanzi, kwaye ikwazi ukuthintela utshintsho lwelizwe lamanzi ukusuka kwimeko ethintelweyo kwiNkqubo ye-freet.
Ukongeza, ukuphakama kunye nendawo yokuhanjiswa kwe-T24 ye-GLTEEN YOKUGQIBELA I-GLTEEN enemixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-HPMC yaqubisana nexabiso le-HPMC yongezwa kakubi. Le yindawo echasene nokusasazwa kwe-dang. Ke ngoko, lo mthetho umahluko ubonakalisa ukuba i-HPMC inomthamo wokubamba amanzi kwaye iguqule amanzi asimahla kumanzi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokukhulula, ukuphakama kunye nendawo yokuhanjiswa kwe-T24 yonyuke ukuya kwidigri eyahlukeneyo, echaze ukuba i-Later State State State State State State State State State State. Oku ikakhulu kubangelwa kutshintsho lwe-gluten programment kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweyunithi "yamanqatha" kwisakhiwo se-gluten, etshintsha imeko yamanzi avaliweyo equlethwe kuyo. Nangona umxholo wamanzi anokutsha esimiselweyo omiselweyo yi-DSC nayo inyuke ngokugcina ixesha lokugcina, ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yomehluko weendlela zoMlinganiso kunye namanzi okuQala, amanzi asimahla akalingani ngokupheleleyo. Ngomninzi omanzi we-gluten ongezelelweyo nge-2% ye-HPMC, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina, akukho nanye kwezi zinto zine-I-HPMC zinokugcina i-HPMC ye-ofisini ye-Holut kunye ne-gluten. kunye nokutya okuzinzileyo.
I-3.3.5 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nokugcina ixesha lokugcina kwisakhiwo sesibini se-gluten protein protein
Ngokubanzi, isakhiwo sesibini seprotheyini sahlulwe saba ziintlobo ezine, i-α-spiral, i-β-basongelwe, β-conners kunye ne-curls. Ezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zesekondari zokuseta kunye nokuzinza kwendawo yokuhlangana kweeproteni ziibhondi ze-hydrogen. Ke ngoko, ukulungelelaniswa kweProtiin yinkqubo yokuqhekezwa kwe-hydrogen bod kunye neenguqu zenkomfa.
Inguqu ene-4ier Fersercopy (FT-IR) isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuzimisela okuphezulu kwesakhiwo sesibini sesampulu yeprotein. Iibhendi zempawu ezikwi-infracred ye-inproectrium ikakhulu ibandakanya, i-Amide Indise (1700.1600 cm (1600.1.00) kunye ne-Amide II Bice (1350 cm-1). Ngokudibana, i-amil i-incran ipikspenge ivela kwiqela le-carbonyl (-c = o-), ibhendi ye-Amide IIC ikakhulu ibangelwa kukuntywila kwe-Amino kwindiza enye ye-borbour Ukungcangcazela, kwaye unemvakalelo eninzi yokutshintsha kwe-protein yesekondari yaseProtein [128'1291. Nangona ezi ntlobo zintathu zingentla zizo zonke iiprip zezinto ezifundwayo zeproteni, ezinye zamanye amagama, ukuchaneka kwe-Amide II, ukuchaneka kwe-IPREIN kwiProtein Dearinity; Ngelixa i-peak yokuqina kwe-peak band iphezulu, uninzi lwabaphandi luhlalutya isakhiwo sesibini seprotheni yile bali, i-Amil Indir igqunywe malunga ne-1640 cm. I-1 yeVevenumble (ibhujisiwe), yona ichaphazela ukuchaneka kweziphumo. Ke ngoko, ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi ukumisela umda webhendi ye-Amil I-Ad kwiproteyini yesibini. Kweli vavanyo, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi, iziqulatho zezikolo ezine zendlela ezine zeproteni ze-gluten protein zafunyanwa ngokuhlalutya i-Age i-Agel I-APHIR. I-Peak indawo (i-Wavenumble yeXesha) ye
Uphawu kunye nolwakhiwo ludweliswe kwiTheyibhile 3.4.
I-TAB 3.4 Izikhundla kunye nokunikezelwa kwezakhiwo zesekondari ezivela kwi-Amide IIi bai kwi-ft-ir sunctra

Umzobo 3.5 Ngaba i-infrafrium ye-infrectum ye-Amide III ye-GLTEEN Iprotein ye-GLTEEN yongezwa kunye neziqulatho ezahlukeneyo ze-HPMC kwiintsuku ezingama-0 emva kokuba i-Dekoxutions kunye nokufakwa kwe-Dennitive. . Ukwenzela ukuba kuthathelwe utshintsho lomxholo wesibini, itheyibhile 3.5 ishwankathela ipesenti yesihlobo ye-gluten prothein ye-gluten prothein yamaxesha ahlukeneyo e-HPMZI

Umzobo 3.5 Ukuhlonima kwe-Dekoxution Bide Band III ye-GLTEEN nge-O% HPMC kwi-0 d (a), nge-2% ye-HPMC kwi-0 d (b)
Qaphela: i-ail i-infrated kwingqolowa yengqolowa iprotein ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC ngeentsuku ezi-0 zokugcina i-frozen; B Ngaba i-propersum ye-infrared yengqolowa yengqolowa ye-gluten ye-prosen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0 nge-2% ye-HPMC yongezwa
Ngokwakhiwa kwexesha lokugcina abakhethiweyo, isakhiwo sesibini se-gluten protein enezongezelelo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPMC itshintshe ukuya kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo. Ingabonwa ukuba zombini ukugcina umtsalane kunye nokongezwa kwe-HPMC kunefuthe kwisiseko sesibini se-gluten protein. Nokuba yeyiphi na i-HPMC yongezwe, B. Ulwakhiwo olusongelweyo yeyona ndawo iphambili, inika ingxelo malunga ne-60%. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, yongeza i-0%, i-oguten ye-5% ne-1% ye-HPMC. Umxholo wesalamane sesongezelelo kakhulu nge-3.66%, i-1.87% kunye ne-1.16%, ngokwahlukeneyo, eyayifana ne-meziahi et al. (2011) [L33J]. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo ngexesha lokugcina umkhenkce kwi-gluten eyongezwe nge-2% ye-HPMC. Ukongeza, xa iqhwa ngeentsuku ezingama-0, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC, iphe. Umxholo wezalathiso onyuka kancinane, ngakumbi xa imali eyongezelelweyo yayiyi-2%, iphe. Umxholo wesalamane se-folts senyuka nge-2.01%. D. Isakhiwo esisongelweyo sinokwahlulwa sibe sine-Intermolecular p. Ukusonga (okubangelwa kukudityaniswa kwe-Molekyuli), i-Antiparall iphe. Ityhutywe kunye ne-parallel p. Ulwakhiwo lwesithathu lutshintshiwe, kwaye kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi ulwakhiwo ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha
itshintshiwe. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukwanda komxholo we-B-uhlobo lohlobo lwe-B-uhlobo lwe-B luza kukhokelela kwinkani kunye ne-hydrophobigos yomgaqo-nkqubo we-STRIC [41], kunye nabanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-P. Ukunyuka kwesakhiwo esisongelweyo kungenxa yenxalenye yolwakhiwo olutsha lwe-β-for of β luhamba kunye nokwenza buthathaka amandla olwakhiwo ogcinwe [kwi-421]. I-β- Ukonyuka kwesakhiwo esongeziweyo kubonisa ukuba iproteyini ifakwe kwi-Hollrophobic Bonds, ehambelana neziphumo zobushushu be-DIST kwi-DSC kunye nokuhanjiswa kwexesha lokuphumla elinqabileyo elilinganayo. Iprotein yodandatheli. Kwelinye icala, wongezwa i-0.5%, i-1% ne-2% ye-HPMC ye-HLMEEN iprotein α-whirling. Umxholo we-HelEx onyukileyo nge-0.95%, i-4.45%, i-4.42% kunye ne-2.03% ngokwakha ixesha lokwakhiwa kwexesha lokwakhela, ehambelana noWang, et A1. (2014) ifumene iziphumo ezifanayo [134]. I-0 ye-gluten ngaphandle kwe-HPMC. Kwakungekho lutshintsho olubalulekileyo kumxholo we-HELIX ngenkqubo yokugcina i-frozen, kodwa ngokunyuka kwexabiso lokudibanisa iintsuku ezi-0. Kwakukho umahluko okwinqanaba kumxholo wezakhiwo ze-α-wlirling.

Inkcazo ye-SCHQUATIC ye-Hydrophobic ye-Hydrophobic (a), ukuHanjiswa kwamanzi (b), kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo solwakhiwo (c) kwi-Gluten Matrix enexesha lokugcina olwandayo 【31'138】

Zonke iisampulu zokwandiswa kwexesha lokukhulula, p. Iziqulatho zezimbophelelo zancitshiswa kakhulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-β-jika inovelwano kakhulu kunyango lwe-135. 1361], nokuba i-HPMC yongezwa okanye ayinampembelelo. I-Welyner, et A1. . Ngaphandle kokuba umxholo ongumxholo we-Commil Proupen Proupin ongezelele kwi-2% ye-HPMC yayingenalo utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindawo yokugcina i-frozen, ezinye iisampulu zancitshiswa kakhulu, ezinokubangelwa kukukhuphela amakristali yomkhenkce. Ukongeza, xa iqabane ngeentsuku ezi-0, i-β-iphepha kunye ne-β-β-β-β-i-β-iprojekti ye-GLMEC iyongezwa kakhulu kwi-GLMEEN iprotein protein ngaphandle kwe-HPMC. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba kukho intsebenzo phakathi kwe-HPMC kunye ne-Gluten protein, yenza amaqhina amatsha e-hydrogen kwaye ichaphazele ukuhambelana kweproteni; Okanye i-HPMC ifumana amanzi kwi-pore cavity yesakhiwo seProtein Space, esenza iproteyini kwaye ikhokelela kutshintsho olungaphezulu phakathi kwezithintelo. vala. Ukunyuka komxholo we-β-β kunye nokwehla komxholo womlinganiso we-β-β kunye ne-α-helix kuyahambelana nale ngcaciso. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, ukwahluka kunye nokufuduka kwamanzi kunye nokuqulunqa amakristali yomkhenkce utshabalalisa i-hydrogen ezigcina uzinzo ngokubonisa kunye nokuchaza amaqela e-hydrophobic. Ukongeza, kwimbono yamandla, incinci yamandla eProtein, eyona nto ithekayo kuyo. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, indlela yokuziphatha ephantsi (yokuziphatha ngokwakho
Ukuqukumbela, xa kuvusiwe umxholo ophezulu we-HPMC, ngenxa yeepropathi ze-hydrophilic ze-HPMC kunye nokusebenzisana neproteyini, i-HPMC inokuthintela ngokutshintsha kwenkqubo ye-gluten ngexesha lokunxibelelana kwe-prosein.
3.3.6 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-hydrophobiccicity ye-hluten ye-gluten protein
Iiprotein Molekyuli zibandakanya zombini amaqela e-hydrophobic. Ngokubanzi, indawo yeprotein yenziwa ngamaqela e-hydrophilic, enokubopha amanzi nge-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ukuba inyanzelise umaleko we-protein ukuthintela iimolekyuli zeprotein kwaye zigcine uzinzo lwazo. Ingaphakathi leprotein liqukethe amaqela ama-hydrophobic ngakumbi ukuba enze kwaye alondoloze ulwakhiwo lwesibini kunye nenqanaba lesibini leproteyini ngokusebenzisa amandla e-hydrophobic. Ukucoceka kweeproteni kuhlala kuhamba kunye nokuvezwa kwamaqela e-hydrophobic kunye nokukhulisa i-hydrophobility yomphezulu.
I-TAB3.6 isiphumo se-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-rozen kwi-hydrophobiction ye-gluten

Qaphela: Kumqolo ofanayo, kukho ileta ye-uperstript engenayo kwaye b, ebonisa ukuba kukho umahluko obalulekileyo (<0.05);
Oonobumba abahlukeneyo be-Suppercript kwikholamu efanayo bobonakalisa umahluko obalulekileyo (<0.05);
Emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, yongeza i-0%, o. i-hydrophobicty ye-gluten nge-5%, i-1% ye-HPMC inyuke nge-70% ye-HPMC, i-43.97%, ngokulandelelana (i-33.6). Ngokukodwa, umphezulu we-hydrophobizetion yeprotein ye-gluten ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC emva kokuba i-prozen yeentsuku ezingama-30 inyuke kakhulu (p <0.05), kwaye i-2% ye-HPMC iyongezwa emva kokukhululwa kweentsuku ezingama-60 hydrophobicty. Kwangelo xesha, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, i-hydrophobility ye-gluten protein yongezwa ngoovimba abahlukeneyo boboniselwa umahluko. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, i-hydrophobility ye-gluten protein ye-2% i-HPMC inyuke kuphela kwixabiso le-hydrophonicity emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 zokugcina umkhenkce we-hydrophonity yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu yesampulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-HPMC ingayithintela ubume beprotein ye-gluten protein, ehambelana neziphumo zokuzimisela kwe-DSC zeqondo lokushisa le-Deik. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HPMC ingathintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo seprotein ngokunyanzelwa, kwaye ngenxa yobuhlalu bayo,
I-HPMC inokudibanisa namaqela e-hydrophilic kumphezulu weprotheni ngokusebenzisa iipropathi zenqanaba lesibini, ngaloo ndlela ukutshintsha iipropathi zomhlaba weprotein, ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukubonakaliswa kwamaqela e-hydrophobic (itheyibhile 3.6).
3.3.7 Iziphumo ze-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nexesha lokugcina i-surzy kwi-Micro-Network yenethiwekhi ye-gluten
Isakhiwo senethiwekhi esiqhubekayo siqulathe iipores ezininzi ukugcina igesi ye-carbon diokside eveliswe yigwele ngexesha lenkqubo yenhlatho yenhlama. Ke ngoko, amandla kunye nokuzinza kwezomxholo we-gluten kubaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela, enjengevolumu ethile, umgangatho, njl njl. Ukusuka kwindawo yemicroscopic, i-morphology yomzimba yezinto ezibonakalayo zinokubonwa ngokuskena i-Skenaron microscopy, enikezela ngesiseko esisebenzayo sotshintsho lwenethiwekhi ye-GLTEen ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha.

Imifanekiso ye-SEM ye-SME ye-minest yenhlama ye-gluten, (a) ichaze i-0% ye-HPMC ye-0d ye-0d; (d) ichaze i-2% ye-HPMC nge-2d.
Qaphela: A i-microst yomiselo lwenethiwekhi ye-gluten ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC kunye neqhwa ngeentsuku ezingama-0; I-B nguMyikityo wenethiwekhi ye-gluten ngaphandle ukongeza i-HPMC kunye neqhwa kangangeentsuku ezingama-60; C Ngaba lolona lwawulo we-GLTEEN nge-2% ye-HPMC yongezwa kwaye iqalile iintsuku ze-0: D yi-GLTENEEN ITHINGE SEPRSTATAL ISETYENZISWEYO I-2% ye-HPMC yongezwa kwaye iqalile iintsuku ezingama-60
Emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, ubukhulu becala le-Gluten emanzi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yatshintshelwa kakhulu (i-3.7, AB). Ngeentsuku ezingama-0, i-gluten reats enama-2% okanye i-0% ye-HPMC ibonise ubume obupheleleyo, ezinkulu
I-sponge encinci ye-poroune-njenge morphology. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, iiseli ezikwi-GLTEENTFY UMGAQO-NKQUBO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA Ukulahlekisa i-Bond, echaphazela amandla kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo. Njengoko ixelwe nge-kontogiriorgos kunye neGoff (2006) kunye noKontogiorgos (2007), imimandla ye-Intertstial yenethiwekhi ye-gluten inyibilikisiwe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka [138. 1391]. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokwenza i-progusts, isakhiwo esineflasm sefraul saveliswa kwisakhiwo sesmngy, esinokuba sisizathu sokuhla kwe-tiol yasimahla emva kokugcinwa kwe-tiozen emva kokuba i-tinger ye-frozen ivelisiwe kwaye igcinwe i-bires. Isakhiwo se-gluten sasingakhathalelwanga kakhulu ixesha elifutshane, elingqinelanayo ne-Wang, et A1. (2014) iqaphele izinto ezifanayo ze-134]. Kwangelo xesha, ukutshatyalaliswa kobuso obukhulu be-gluten kukhokelela ekufudukeni kwamanzi kunye nokusasazwa ngokutsha, okungqinelana neziphumo ze-nuclear ye-nuclear ye-nuclear ye-nuclear ye-nuclear. Olunye uhlolisiso [140, 10] lwanika ingxelo yokuba emva kwemijikelezo ye-freeze-thaw, i-getilarsis staricar kunye namandla enhlamo yaba sibuthathaka, kwaye ukushukuma kwe-inhlaso kuye kwaba phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina i-frozen, i-microst yongezwa kwe-2% ye-HPMC itshintshiwe, kunye neeseli ezincinanana, kunye ne-Gluten ngaphandle kwe-HPMC. 3.7, D). Oku kuqhubeka ngakumbi ukuba i-HPMC inokunqanda ukutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo se-gluten ngokunyanzelwa.
3.4 Isishwankathelo seSahluko
Olu vavanyo luye lwaphanda i-ratheology yenhlama ye-gluten ye-gluten kunye ne-gluten protein ngokudibanisa imixholo eyahlukeneyo (i-0%, i-0,5%, i-1%) ngexesha lokugcina (0, 10, 30 kunye ne-60 yeentsuku). Iipropathi, iipropathi ze-thermodynamic, kunye neziphumo zepropathi ye-phycochemical. Olu phando lufumanise ukuba utshintsho kunye nokusasazwa kwemeko yamanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokugcina i-frezing yonyusa umxholo wamanzi anokutsha kwi-gluten kwinkqubo ye-gluten kwinkqubo ye-gluten kwi-gluten ye-Gluten ngenxa yokwahluka kwenhlatho yenhlama eyahlukileyo. Ukonakaliswa komgangatho wemveliso. Iziphumo zeskena se-frequenction ibonise ukuba imodyuli ye-elastic ye-Gluten ye-Gluten Dure ngaphandle kokongeza inkqubo yokugcina i-HPMC, kwaye i-Scanning Microscope ibonise ukuba kumisiwe. Umxholo weqela lasimahla le-Sulfhydryl landa kakhulu, kwaye iqela layo le-hydrophobic lavulwa ngakumbi, lenze ubushushu bodano lwe-thermal kunye ne-hydrophobility ye-gluten protein yenyuka kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-IPMC inokuthintela utshintsho kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi ze-gluten ubunzima be-gluten kunye ne-gluten protein ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC. Kungenxa yokuba i-HPMC inokunciphisa ukushukuma kwamanzi kwaye inciphise ukwanda komxholo wamanzi anokutsha, ngokuthintela i-phenomeny yenethiwekhi kunye nokugcina i-Gluten yenethiwekhi kunye nokuhambelana kwe-protein izinzile. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunokuthiwa ngempumelelo ingqibelelo yolwakhiwo lwe-Debalen, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.
ISAHLUKO 4 IINKQUBO ZONYAKA WE-HPMC kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi zesitatshi phantsi kogcino olucekeceke
Intshayelelo
Isitatshi yi-thein polysaccharide ene-glucose njenge-monomer. isitshixo) iintlobo ezimbini. Ukusuka kwindawo yemicroscopic, isitatshi sihlala singama-graner, kwaye ubungakanani besitatshi sengqolowa sisasazwa ikakhulu kwimigangatho emibini ye-2-10 Pro (B isitatshi) kunye ne-25-35 pm (isitatshi). Ukusuka kwimbono yekristali, i-starch granules iquka imimandla ye-crystalline kunye neendawo ze-amorous (je, iindawo zekristali), kwaye iifomu zekristali ze-ristalline), kwaye iifom zekristali ziye zahlula-hlula emva kwe-getitizo epheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, ingingqi ye-crystalline iqulathe i-amyloonein kunye nengingqi ye-amorphous iququzelela i-amylose. Kungenxa yokuba, ukongeza kwi-C Chain (i-Amyloonen ikwanee-hains zecala eliqulunqwe (i-chain yesebe) kunye ne-Amybon Chain, i-carylon chain) ivela "kwisitatshi esibuhlungu. Ubume be-crystallite bundle bucwangciswe ngendlela ethile yokwenza ikristale.
Isitatshi senye yezona zinto ziphambili zomgubo, kwaye umxholo wayo ukuphakama malunga ne-75% (yowomile). Kwangelo xesha, njengomntu obekho kwi-carbohydrated onobude obuziinkozo, isitatshi sikwizixhobo eziphambili zomthombo wokutya. Kwinkqubo yentsimbi, isitatshi sisasazwa kwaye siqhotyoshelwe kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gluten protein. Ngexesha lokuqhutywa kunye nokugcina, ii-stats kunye ne-getitilization kunye nezigaba zokwaluphala.
Phakathi kwabo, isitayile se-statitishitis sibhekisa kwinkqubo apho amaqhinga esitamu ahlulelane kwaye ahlanjwe kwinkqubo enomxholo wamanzi aphezulu kunye nemeko yokufudumeza. Ingahlulelwa kwiinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili. Inqanaba loku-1) Inqanaba lokufumana amanzi abuyiselweyo; Ngaphambi kokufikelela kubushushu be-getiginization, i-starch grabules ekumiswe isitatshi (i-slurry) Gcina isakhiwo sabo esahlukileyo singaguqukanga, kwaye ubume bangaphandle kwaye bungatshintshi. Kuphela kakhulu isitatshi esinyibilikiswe inyibilikisiwe emanzini kwaye sinokubuyiselwa kwimeko yayo yoqobo. Inqanaba le-2) Inqanaba lokungaguqulelwa kwamanzi; Njengoko iqondo lobushushu liyanda, amanzi angena kumsantsa phakathi kwe-starstallite thendstallite thendstallite theds, ngokungenantlonelo athabatha isixa esikhulu samanzi, obangela isitatshi sidumbe, ivolumu yandisa iziqhulo ezininzi phakathi kweemolekyuli eziliqela. Iyolula kwaye iikristale zinyamalala. Kwangelo xesha, i-BireFringlence intle yesitatshi, oko kukuthi, umnqamlezo ophambili phantsi kwe-microscope yokufaka i-microscope, iqala ukunyamalala, kwaye amaqondo obushushu ngeli xesha abizwa ngokuba yi-getitinicility yobushushu bokuqala besitabane. Inqanaba lesi-3) Inqanaba lokuchithwa kwesitatshi; Iimolekyuli zesitatshi zingenisa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yeSisombululo ukwenza i-starch Paste (Paste / i-Stanomesity ye-vionForsity ibizwa ngokuba yi-Stattimity ye-Staginity, i-birelan yeli xesha ibizwa ngokuba sisitatshi se-141]. Xa inhlama iphekiwe, i-getigitis yesitayela esigcina ukutya kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwayo, incasa, incasa, imibala, kunye neempawu zokwenza umbala.
Ngokubanzi, isitayile se-statiginization siyachaphazeleka ngumthombo kunye nohlobo lwesitatshi, umxholo we-Amylose nase-Amylosein kwisitatshi, ukuba isitatshi siguqulwe, nokuba sisitatshi, isitatshi, umxholo we-142-150]. Ke ngoko, xa isakhiwo sesitatshi (i-surtaligy, isakhiwo se-crystalline, njl. Njl.) Itshintshiwe, iipropathi ze-gelatitizo, iipropathi ze-getilatizo, iipropathi zokugaya, njl. Njl.
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba amandla egenti ye-starch Passiases, kulula ukudala, kwaye umgangatho wayo uyehla phantsi kwemeko yokugcina amanzi, enje1. (2005) ufundele isiphumo seqondo lobushushu lokuqaqamba kumgangatho we-potato statach purse; Ferrero, et A1. . Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa ezinesiphumo somgcini we-frozen kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi ze-starch granules (isitatshi somthonyama), ekufuneka ihlolwe kwakhona. Inhlama elicekeceke (ngaphandle kwenhlama ephekiweyo ephekiweyo) ikwimo yegranuguering ye-UNCETATESS phantsi kwemeko yokugcina i-frozen. Ke ngoko, ukufundisisa ubume kunye nolwakhiwo lweenguqu zesitatshi zomthonyama ngokudibanisa i-HPMC kunefuthe elithile ekuphuculeni iipropathi zokulungisa i-inhlama ye-flozen. ukubaluleka.
Kweli xesha lovavanyo, ngokongeza imixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-HPMC (0, i-0, 0,5%, i-1%, i-2%) kwithuba lokumiswa kwesitatshi, isixa se-HPMC esongezwe ngexesha elithile (0, 30,) safundwa. Kwimo yesitayile kunye nefuthe layo le-getilage yendalo.
4.2 Izinto zovavanyo kunye neendlela
4.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo
Isitayile sengqolowa yengqolowa binzhou zokutya co., i-LTD.; I-HPMC Aladdin (Shanghai) Imichiza efundwayo CO.;
4.2.2 Isixhobo sokuvavanywa
Igama lesixhobo
I-HHIT ye-HIGITATATATATATATATATA YOKUHLAZIYA
I-BSALL24S ibhalansi ye-elektroniki
I-BC / BD-272Crainerator
Ifriji ye-BCD-2015
I-SX2.4.10 i-miuffle
I-DHG. I-9070A iqhekeza i-oveni
Kdc. I-160hr ephezulu ye-Centrifuge yesantya esiqinisekisiweyo
Ukufunyanwa kwe-R3 RHEATOR THEAGETER
Q. I-200 ye-caloring yekhefu
D / max2500V Chwetheng x. ray diay
I-SX2.4.10 i-miuffle
Umvelisi
I-JiangSU Jintan Jincheng Guosheng Guily
USartorius, Germany
Iqela le-haier
Hefei meiling co., ltd.
Huangshi Hengfeng Izixhobo CO., Ltd.
Shanghai Yiheng isixhobo seSayensi CO., Ltd.
I-Ahiyo Zhongke Zhongjia
Inkampani yaseMelika ye-ta
Inkampani yaseMelika ye-ta
I-rigaku imveliso ye-Rigaku CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO.
Huangshi Hengfeng Izixhobo CO., Ltd.
4.2.3 Indlela yovavanyo
4.2.3.1 Ukulungiselela kunye nokugcinwa okuthambileyo kokunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi
Ubunzima boku-1 g yesitatshi, ukongeza i-9 ml yamanzi anezinziyo, ukungcungcutheka ngokupheleleyo kwaye uqhagamshele ukuze ulungiselele i-10% (W / W) yokunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi. Emva koko yibeka isisombululo sesampulu. I-18 ℃ ifriji, ukugcinwa kwe-friendi ye-0, 15 D, 30 d, 60 D, apho usuku 0 lulawulo olutsha. Yongeza i-0.5%, i-1%, 2% (W / W) I-HPMC endaweni yesitatshi esemgangathweni ilungiselela iisampulu ezineemali ezongeziweyo, kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango zihlala zingaguquki.
4.2.3.2 Iipropathi ze-ROOOORTAL
Thatha iisampulu ezichazwe apha ngasentla zinyangwa ngexesha elihambelanayo, ukulingana kwi-4 ° C kwi-4 h, emva koko uye kwiqondo lokushisa lide lide likhuseleke ngokupheleleyo.
(1) Iimpawu ze-statizo
Kweli xesha lovavanyo, i-Rheometer yayisetyenziswa endaweni yophawu olukhawulezayo lokulinganisa iimpawu zesitayile. Jonga iBae et a1. (2014) Indlela [1571] ngolungiso oluncinci. Iiparamitha ezithile zenkqubo zimiselwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Sebenzisa ipleyiti ene-40 yegayo, umsantsa (umsantsa) yi-1000 MM, kunye nesantya sokujikeleza yi-5 rad / s rad / sred / spy / i-rad / kunye nesantya sokujikeleza yi-5 rad / s; I) I-Buvate nge-50 ° C ukuba ibe yi-1 imiz; ii) nge-5. c / minzi ebushushu kwi-95 ° C; III) igcinwe nge-95 ° 10,5 yemizuzu, iv) ipholelwe ukuya kwi-50 ° C nge-5 ° C / min; v) Okokugqibela yayiqhutywa ngama-50 ° C ukuba ibe yimizuzu emi-5.
Zoba i-1.5 ml yesisombululo sesampulu kwaye uyongeze embindini wenqanaba le-gelameter, ulinganise iipropathi ze-getilamester yesampulu yenkqubo ye-ratilamester, kwaye ufumane i-abscissa, ukufumana iqondo lobushushu (°) njenge-stalash gelating ye-statinate ijika lesitayile. Ngokwe-GB / T 14490.2008 [158], i-jititing ehambelana ne-getitinity (i-getitiniting ye-vilatity (iqondo lobushushu (i-eng), i-viscofity (i-vissod) ifunyenwe. Ixabiso, i-BV) kunye nexabiso lokutshalisa (ixabiso lokubuyela umva, i-SV), apho, ixabiso lokuwohlokayo = Ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-viscofity - ubuncinci be-Peaki. Ixabiso lokubuyela umva = viscofity yokugqibela - ubuncinci bokwenyani. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
(2) Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lokuhamba kwexesha lokuhamba kwesitatshi
Eli nqanaba lingasentla i-gegin paste laphantsi kovavanyo oluthile lokuhambahamba, ngokutsho kwe-Ashayuthakan & SuHhantharika [1591, imiz-ntle ye-SCHEE i-10) I-100s ~, 2) 100s ~. I-0.1 S ~, idatha iqokelelwa kwimodi ye-logarithmic, kunye nee-10 zeedatha (iiplothi) zirekhodwa rhoqo amaxesha ali-10, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-abscissa ithathiwe njenge-ratheotity ye-ratheotional ye-ratheotical ye-ratheotical ye-ratheotical ye-ratheotical. Sebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0 ukwenza ukungafakwanga kwale jika kwaye ufumane iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo, kwaye i-equation iyanelisa i-Shearity (i-PAR), i-Sheard (i-PARE), i-N i-N Isalathiso se-Shear
4.2.3.3 I-Starch Pasterges Gel
(1) Ukulungiselela kwesampulu
Thatha i-2,5 g ye-amyloid kwaye udibanise namanzi anemidaka kumyinge we-1: 2 ukwenza ubisi lwesitatshi. I-Freeze nge-18 ° C ukuba i-15 d, 30 d, kunye ne-60 d. Yongeza i-0.5, 1, 2% ye-HPMC (W / W) yokutshintsha isitatshi somgangatho ofanayo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungiselela zihlala zingatshintshi. Emva kokuba unyango lwe-freazing lugqityiwe, yikhuphe, lulingane nge-4 ° C kwi-4 h, kwaye emva koko i-vew kubushushu begumbi de kuvavanywe.
(3) Amandla e-starch gel (amandla egel)
Thatha i-1.5 ml yesisombululo sesampulu kwaye ubeke kwindawo ye-RHOOMTER (Discylentrey. Iskena seqondo lobushushu liqala nge-25 ° C kwaye liphela ngo-5. C / min waphakanyiswa kwi-95 ° C, igcinwe ukuya kwi-25 ° C nge-5 "c / min.
Umaleko wePetrolium wafakwa kancinci kumda wejeli yesitatshi efunyenwe ngasentla ukuphepha ukulahleka kwamanzi ngexesha lovavanyo olulandelayo. Ibhekisa kwiNdlela ye-Abebe & Ronda [1601], ukutshayela kwe-oscillatory yaqala ukufumanisa ingingqi ye-vickoestity ye-viscoestity (i-LVR), umkhuhlane wawusenziwa emva kokuma ngo-25 ° 10 imiz. Imiz.
Emva koko, tshayela i-osciltion frequenction, setha ubungakanani be-triin Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
4.2.3.4 Iipropathi ze-thermodynamic
(1) Ukulungiselela kwesampulu
Emva kwexesha elihambelanayo lonyango, iisampulu zakhutshwa, zakhutshwa ngokupheleleyo, zomiswe kwi-oveni nge-40 ° C ukuba 48 h. Okokugqibela, kunqamlezwe nge-100-mesh soku ukuze ufumane isampulu yepowder eqinileyo ukuze isetyenziswe (ilungele uvavanyo lwe-Xgrd). Jonga uXie, et A1. . I-freeze nge-18 ° C (0, 15, 30 ne-60 ntsuku). Yongeza i-0.5%, i-1%, 2% (W / W) HPMC yokutshintsha umgangatho wesitatshi, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungiselela zihlala zingatshintshi. Emva kokuba ixesha lokugcina ukukhululeka liphelile, khupha i-4 ° C kwi-4 h.
(3) Ukumiselwa kweqondo lobushushu kunye notshintsho
Ukuthatha i-° ireferensi yokuqukuqeka kwe-nitrogen yayiyi-50 ml / min, i-5 ° C ukuba ibe yi-100 ° C kwi-5 ° C / min ye-C / min. Okokugqibela, ukuhamba kobushushu (ukuhamba kobushushu, i-MW) yi-DSC i-DSC ye-DSC yenkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo we-2000. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
4.2.3.5 Umlinganiso we-XRD
Iisampulu eziqengqelekayo ze-surching zarwing zomiswe kwi-oveni nge-40 ° C ukuba ibe yi-48 H, emva koko ihlelwe yi-100-mesh syeve ukufumana iisampulu ze-stanch. Thatha isixa esithile kwezi zisampulu zingasentla, sebenzisa i-D / Max i-D / MAX CHOTE X. Ifomu yekristali kunye ne-crystallies ye-ray yagqitywa yi-X-ray discracractometer. Iiparamitha zovavanyo zii-voltage 40 kv, 40 ma, usebenzisa i-cu. Ks njenge-x. Ray umthombo. Kubushushu begumbi, uluhlu lwe-angle le-Angle yi-30--400, kwaye iqondo lokuskena liyi-20 / min. I-crystallity ye-crystallity (%) = indawo ye-crystallization yendawo / indawo ye-X 100% ye-X 100%, apho indawo iyonke yendawo yengingqi yendawo yangasemva kunye nendawo yokudibanisa i-1 62].
4.2.3.6 Ukuzimisela kwe-starch roll
Thatha i-0.1 g yomisiweyo, umhlaba kunye ne-amyriid kwi-50 ml Centrifuge Tube, yongeza amanzi ama-10,5 H, kwaye emva koko ubeke i-95 ° CAD kwiqondo lokuhlambela lamanzi angama-95. Emva kwemizuzu engama-30, emva kokuba i-getitinization igqityiwe, khupha ityhubhu ityhubhu kwaye uyibeke kwindawo yokuhlamba i-10 imiz yokuphola ngokukhawuleza. Ekugqibeleni, i-Centrifuge nge-5000 RPM ye-20000 imiz, kwaye igalele i-superANtant ukuba ifumane i-chactipicate. Ukudumba kwamandla = ubunzima be-precipication / isampulu yobunzima [163].
4.2.3.7 Uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokulungiswa
Zonke iimvavanyo ziphindaphindwe kathathu kathathu ngaphandle kokuba kuchaziwe ngenye indlela, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zabonakaliswa njengokuphambuka komgangatho. I-SPRS STRS SPRS 19 yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya komahluko (uhlalutyo lomahluko, i-anova) enenqanaba le-0,05; Iitshathi zokunxibelelana zitsaliwe zisebenzisa imvelaphi 8.0.
4.3 Uhlalutyo kunye nengxoxo
4.3.1 Umxholo wezinto ezisisiseko zesitatshi sengqolowa
Ngokwe-GB 50093.2010, GB / T 5009.9.2008, GB 50094.2010 (78-S0), i-Amylose / Amloagen kunye ne-Ahyloin kunye noMotha bagqitywa. Iziphumo ziboniswa kwiTheyibhile 4. 1 Ibonisiwe.
Thepha imixholo ye-4.1 yendawo yendawo yengqolowa

4.3.2 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC kunye neXesha lokugcina i-Hilazen kwimpawu ze-getilatitication ngesitatshi sengqolowa
Ukunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi kunye nokuxinana okuthile kufitshiwe kwinqanaba elithile lokufudumeza ukwenza isitatshi sabekwa. Emva kokuqala ukuya kwi-getitinize, ngokuthe ngcembe i-turbid ngokuthe ngcembe ibalekela ngenxa yokwanda kwesitatshi, kwaye i-viccofity inyuka ngokuqhubekayo. Emva koko, ukugqabhuka kwe-starch kunye ne-viscosity ihla. Xa ipasika ipholile kwinqanaba elithile lokupholisa, i-paste iya kuvakaliswa, kwaye ixabiso le-viscosity liya kunyuka ngakumbi. Ixabiso le-viscosity xa lipholalwe ukuya kwi-50 ° C yixabiso lokugqibela le-viscofity (Umzobo 4.1).
Itheyibhuli 4.2 lidwelise impembelelo yezikhombisi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ze-statitilicimiction, kubandakanya i-getitinity ye-vilatity ye-viscosity ye-vissity, ixabiso lokugqibela, kwaye libonisa imeko ye-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-HPMC. Iziphumo zeepropathi zemichiza. The experimental results show that the peak viscosity, the minimum viscosity and the final viscosity of starch without frozen storage increased significantly with the increase of HPMC addition, while the decay value and recovery value decreased significantly. Ngokukodwa, i-Peak Viscosity inyuke isuka kwi-727.66 + 90.70 CP (ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC), i-RPMC), kunye ne-1% ye-HPMC), kunye ne-2% ye-HPMC); Ubuncinci bokubonakala kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-391.02 + 18.97 CP (engenanto) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-454.95 + 55.9.5.5.5.5.5.57 cp (yongeza i-2% ye-HPMC); I-viscofity yokugqibela isuka kwi-794.62.412.84 cp (i-HPMC), i-HPMC) ye-HPMC) kunye ne-9% ye-HPMC) kunye ne-2% ye-HPMC); Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kokuthanda izimilo ngokuthe ngcembe bancipha ukusuka kwi-336.644-71.73 cp (ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC), yongeza i-HPMC), i-HPMC ye-WPMC), i-HPMC ye-2,54 cp (yongeza
Nge-1% ye-HPMC) kunye ne-393.614-44.94 CP (nge-2% ye-HPMC), i-HPMC) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-46.20 ye-HPMC) kunye ne-157.00 cp (2% I-HPMC yongezwe). Oku kunye nokongezwa kwe-hydrocollosids efana ne-XAANH Gum kunye neGuar Gum ifunyenwe ngu-Achayuthakan & Suhantharika (2008) kunye ne-Huangharika (ka-2008) kunye ne-Huang (2008) kunye ne-Huang (ka-2008) inokunciphisa ixabiso lokubuyiswa kwesitatshi. Oku kunokuba kungenxa yokuba i-HPMC isebenza njengohlobo lwe-hydrophilic ye-hydrophilic, kunye nokongezwa kwe-HPMC yonyusa i-vilatity ye-getitinic ngenxa yeqela layo le-hydrophilic kwi-hydroules enobushushu begumbi. Ukongeza, uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu lwenkqubo ye-shitilal ye-shitilal (inkqubo ye-therimogerage) ye-HPMC inkulu kunesoba isitatshi (iziphumo aziboniswanga), ukuze ukuveliswa kwe-HPMC kungakwazi ukunciphisa i-vintassity ngenxa yokuchithwa kwe-vintas. Ke ngoko, ubuncinci bokwenyani kunye nokugqibela kokugqibela kwe-stalash getizotion ukwanda ngokuthe ngcembe ngokwanda kwemixholo ye-HPMC.
Kwelinye icala, xa isixa se-HPMC saye safana, i-viscofity ephezulu, i-viscofity yokugqibela, ixabiso lokulonda kwe-statiladition ye-Statiting ixesha lokugcina ixesha lokugcina. Ngokukodwa, i-villation ye-peak yokunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-727.66 ± I-90.70 CP ukongeza i-0.5 i-viscosity ye-stak yokumiswa kwe-starch nge% HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-7588.514-48 cp (i-flzys) ukuya kwi-1415.83445.77 cp yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ukunqunyanyiswa kwe-starch nge-1% ye-HPMC yongeze i-viscosity ye-stak yolwelo inyuke ukusuka kwi-809.754-5 cp (i-CHEZE yeentsuku ezingama-98.13- Ngelixa ukunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi kwi-2% ye-HPMC CP yongeza i-getitinity peak isuka kwi-946.64 ± I-9.63 CP (iintsuku ezingama-0 Kwangelo xesha, uqhawulo-mtshato olusezantsi lokunqunyanyiswa okungaphantsi kwe-HPMC kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-391.02-40 8.97 CP ukongeza i-0.5 ubuncinci bokumiswa kobuncinci bokunqunyanyiswa nge-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-454.954-36 cp (i-cpzy ngeentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-581.9342 cp ( Ukunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi kwi-1% ye-HPMC yongeze ubuncinci be-viscofity yetrolity yenyuke ukusuka kwi-485.564-5 cp (i-fp yeentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya ku-625.4847 cp ( Ngelixa ukunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi kongezwe i-2% ye-HPMC CP ye-getility ephantsi enyukayo ukusuka kwi-553.034-5 cp (iintsuku ezingama-0.2.5 ± cp (iintsuku ezingama-60 qanda).

I-viscosity yokugqibela yokunqunyanyiswa starch ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-794.62 ± I-12.84 cP (i-CPEn CRE) ukuya kwi-14139 ± cP yeentsuku ezingama-60). I-vissity yencopho yokunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi inyuke ukusuka kwi-882.24 ± 22.40 cp (i-fp ye-fp) ukuya kwi-1322.86 ± 36.23 cp yeentsuku ezingama-60); I-viscosity ye-peak yokumiswa kwesitatshi esongezwe nge-1% ye-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-846.04 ± 12.61.91.94 cp (i-± eqaqambileyo); kwaye i-getitilizaling ye-getitining vissity yokumiswa kwesitatshi esongezwe nge-2% i-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-91 0.88 ± 34.57 cp
. Ngokuhambelana, ixabiso le-ATTANTIONS lokunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi ngaphandle kongeza ukusuka kwi-HPMC ukusuka ukusuka kwi-336.64 ± 71.73 cp (i-CREEN ye-DP) ukuya kwi-38.72 cp yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ukongeza i-0.5 Ixabiso le-ATTANTIONS lokutyiswa kwesitatshi nge% HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-303.56 ± I-11.22 cp (i-± eqandusiweyo yeentsuku ezingama-0.45 CP (i-CREFEn yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ukunqunyanyiswa kwe-starch nge-1% ye-HPMC yongeze ixabiso le-antion lolwelo lolwelo lwanyuswa ukusuka ku-324.19 ± 2,54 cp (i-fp ye-2,54 cp (i-fp yeentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-672.71 cp yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ngelixa usongeza i-2% ye-HPMC, ixabiso le-attintals lokumiswa kwesitatshinyuka inyuka ukusuka kwi-393.61 ± 45.94 cp (i-SPEz ye-43.7.74 cp yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ngelixa ukunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yongeza ixabiso lokubuyela kwakhona ukusuka kwi-403.60 ± 6.13 c
P (Ukugcinwa kwe-frozen ngeentsuku ezi-0) ukuya kwi-856.38 ± 16.20 cp (i-fp ye-frozen kangangeentsuku ezingama-60); Ixabiso lokubuyiswa kwendawo yokumiswa kwesitatshi esongezwe nge-0.5% ye-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-427% ye-14.50 cp (i-CP eqandusiweyo yeentsuku ezingama-0.5.93 cp (i-CREALD kwiintsuku ezingama-60); Ixabiso lokubuyiswa kwakhona kokumiswa kwesitatshi esongezwe nge-1% i-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-360.48 ± 41. I-39 cp (i-frozen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0) inyuke yaya kwi-666.46 ± I-21.40 cp (i-frozen ye-frozen yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ngelixa ixabiso lokubuyiswa kwendawo yokunqunyanyiswa starch yongezwa nge-2% i-HPMC inyuke ukusuka kwi-357.85 ± I-21.00 CP (i-CREFE YEMIHLA YOKUGQIBELA). Iintsuku ezingama-0 zenziwe kwi-515.51 ± 20.86 cp (kwiintsuku ezingama-60 qanda).
Inokubonwa ukuba ngesobuso sexesha lokugcina elikhawulezayo, i-stalash getifolity yesalathiso se-Index inyuke, ehambelana ne-TAO E1. F2015) 1. Ngokuhambelana neziphumo zovavanyo, bafumanisa ukuba ukunyuka kwenani lemijikelezo yomkhenkce, i-viscosity yokugqibela, ixabiso lokugqibela le-statitizo inyukayo kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo [166j]. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwinkqubo yokugcina i-frezing, ingingqi ye-Amorphous (i-amorphous) ye-starch Granuser itshatyalalisiwe, kwaye yasasazeka kwi-stansoods, yasasazeka kwi-vickosity yesitatshi I-getitinization, kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso lezinto ezinxulumene noko kunye nexabiso lokubuyisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC ethintela isiphumo sekristali yomkhenkce kwimo yesitayile. Ke ngoko, i-viscosity encopho, ubuncinci be-viscofity, i-viscofity yokugqibela, ixabiso lokulola kunye nexabiso lokubuyisa i-statilization inyuswe ngokongezwa kwe-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina i-HPMC ngexesha lokugcina umkhenkce. ukunyuka nokunciphisa ngokulandelelana.

I-FIG 4.10 Ukudlula kwi-curves starch yengqolowa ngaphandle kwe-HPMC (A) okanye nge-2% ye-HPMC①)
4.3.3 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yokongelela i-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina i-shear kwi-shear viscosity ye-starch paste
Iziphumo zexabiso le-Shear kwi-viscofity (i-shear viscosity) ye-fluid yaphandwa luvavanyo lokuhamba okuqinileyo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye neepropathi zolwelo zibonakalisiwe ngokufanelekileyo. Itheyibhuli 4.3 LE

I-FIG 4.2 TIXOTROPROPRISS ISTEMP YOKUGQIBELA I-HPMC (A) okanye nge-2% ye-HPMC (B)

Ingabonwa kwiTheyibhile 4.3 ukuba zonke ii-indices zendlela yokuhamba, ezi-2, zingaphantsi kwe-1. Ke, i-HPMC yongezwa okanye i-Star Studen okanye i-Shear Visasity). Ukongeza, i-Sheartare Scan isusela kwi-0.1 S, ngokulandelelana. I-1 inyuke i-100 s ~, emva koko inciphile ukusuka kwi-100 sd kwi-O. I-RHIOL EFUNDILEYO KWI-1 SD ayifani, ke yona i-starch i-thsuudropic ye-thseoptic (i-HPMC yongezwa okanye ayikho). Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwexesha lokugcina elifanayo lokugcina, ngokunyuswa kwe-HPMC, umahluko phakathi kweziphumo ze-K N NOSTED SCOSTALS POSTE PART DOTE SHECHE SHECHE SHECHE. Ihlala izinzile phantsi kwesenzo kwaye inciphise i-thringropic ring "
(Thixropic Loop) Indawo, efana neTsiriripong, et A1. (2005) Ibiyelwe isiphelo esifanayo [167]. Oku kunokuba kungenxa yokuba i-HPMC inokwenza amakhonkco amakhonkco nge-getijin enamakhonkco e-getizi , ukuze uqhubeke uzinzo ngokulinganayo kunye nokufana kwesakhiwo (Umzobo 4.2, ijikajika elinomlinganiso we-Shear njengoko uxinzelelo lwe-abscissa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-Shear.
Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yesitatshi ngaphandle kokugcina umkhenkce, ixabiso layo leyo linciphile kakhulu ngokongezwa kwe-HPMC, ukusuka kwi-HPMC, ukusuka kwi-HPMC) ukuya kwi-HPMC) ukuya kwi-HPMC (ngaphandle kokongeza i-HPMC), ngokulandelelana. I-683 ± 1.035 iPan Sn (yongeza i-0.5% ye-MC), 4377 i-0.227 ± 0.277 ± 0.011. I-310 ± 0.009 (yongeza i-0.5% ye-HPMC), o. 323 ± 0.013 (yongeza i-1% ye-HPMC), i-turantha, i-GAHIn (2008), kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso elibonisa ukuba Ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kwenza ukuba amanzi anotyekelo lokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-pseudoplastic ukuya eNewtonia [168'1691]. Kwangelo xesha, ngenxa yesitatshi esigciniweyo seentsuku ezingama-60, i-K, N ibonisa umgaqo ofanayo wokutshintsha ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC.
Nangona kunjalo, kunye nesobuso sexesha lokugcina elikhawulezayo, amaxabiso ka-K kwaye onyuke ukuya kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo, ± 1.661 iPan Sn (i-05.570 1, ngokulandelelana. 2.421 IPan SNS (Hayi, i-60% i-1% ye-HPMC, inyuke i-1% ye-HPMC, yongeza i-1% ye-HPMC, 0) ukuya kwi I-56.538 ± 1.378 I-Pan Sn (yongeza i-1% ye-HPMC, iintsuku ezingama-60), kwaye inyuke ukusuka kwi-13.065 ± pann (ukongeza i-2% ye-HPMC, iintsuku ezingama-60); I-0.277 ± 0.011 (ngaphandle kongeza iintsuku ze-HPMC, i-0.0014 (i-HPMC), i-HPMC ye-WPPMC, i-HPMC, 0.540 ± I-0.013 (yongeza i-1% ye-HPMC, kwiintsuku ezingama-60), kwaye ukusuka kwi-0.431 ± 0.013 (yongeza iintsuku ezi-1 ze-HPMC, i-HPMC, i-2% ye-HPMC, iintsuku ezingama-60). Ngokuthelekisa, inokufunyanwa ukuba ngokunyuka kwesixa se-HPMC, ireyithi yokutshintsha ye-K kunye nexabiso le-K kunye ne-KNPMP inciphisa ngokulandelelana, ehambelana neziphumo zokulinganisa iimpawu ze-stalatisticistic. iyahambelana.
4.3.4 IINKQUBO ZE-HPMC yongeno kunye nexesha lokugcina i-furzen kwi-viscoelity ye-viscoelity ye-starch paste
I-sweech frequency frequency inokubonisa ngokufanelekileyo i-vickoecity yezinto ezibonakalayo, kunye ne-starch paste, oku kunokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ayo ejel (amandla egenti). I-4

I-FIG 4.3 I-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-furzen kwi-elastic kunye ne-viscous mosmoluus ye-starch paste
Qaphela: Inguqulelo ye-viscoelity ye-HPMC engafakwanga i-HPMC ye-HPMC kunye nolwandiso lwexesha lokugcina imali; B ngongezwa kwe-O. Utshintsho lwe-vickoebestity ye-5% ye-HPMC isitatshi songezwa kwexesha lokugcina; C lutshintsho lwe-viscoelity ye-1% ye-HPMC isitatshi sokwandiswa kwexesha lokugcina; D lutshintsho lwe-viscoelity ye-2% ye-HPMC isitatshi sokwandiswa kwexesha lokugcina
Inkqubo yokugcwaliswa kwesitatshi ihamba kunye nokungasebenzi kwe-starch Gratules, ukunyamalala kwe-crystalline, kunye ne-hydrogen yendawo yokunyuka kwe-statistal kunye nomswakama, ubushushu. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 4.3, Kwisitatshi ngaphandle kokugcina umkhenkce, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC, i-HPMC ihluleke kakhulu, kwaye inyukele i-HPMC, i-STANE inciphisa ilahleko yamanzi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-getilan. Ixesha, iChaisawang & Suparharitha (2005) ifumanise ukuba, ukongeza i-Guaar Gum kwi-gurioca ye-capioca stapres, i-G 'ye-Stalarch inciphile. I-starch Granules yahlulwe ukwenza isitatshi esonakalisiweyo (isitatshi esonakalisiweyo), esinciphisa inqanaba lokunxibelelanisa i-plungene-ukunxibelelanisa i-platsing emva kokudibana kwesitatshi kunye nenqanaba lokunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo emva kokunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo emva kokunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo. Uzinzo kunye nokungcola, kunye nokuphuma komzimba kweekristali zomkhenkce kwenza ukuba ilungiselelo "lezakhiwo ze-microcrystalline, zibunjwe kwi-Amyloolity ye-Amlele ye-Statitha, kwaye kwandiswa kwi-statistality ye-getilization, i-statins ye-statin ye-molecular . Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC yongezwa, ukuncipha kwemeko ka-G 'kuye kwacinezelwa, kwaye le mpembelelo yayinxulumene nokongezwa kwe-HPMC. Oku kubonakalise ukuba i-HPMC inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo isiphumo sekristali ye-ice kwimo kunye neepropathi zesitatshi phantsi kweemeko zogcino lwe-frozen.
4.3.5 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yokongelela i-IPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina i-frozen kwindawo yokudumba
Umyinge wokubila wesitatshi unokubonisa ubungakanani besitamitisi kunye nokudumba kwamanzi, kunye nokuzinza kwe-starch ye-starch phantsi kweemeko zenkulu. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 4.4, kwisitatshi ngaphandle kokugcina umkhenkce, ngokunyuka kwe-HPMC, i-HPMC yenyukele kwi-8.969 (ebonisa i-HPMC inyusa ukudumba emva kwe-getitinization, engqinelana nesiphelo Iimpawu zesitayile se-stalashi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwandiswa kwexesha lokugcina i-frozen, amandla okukhubeka kwesitatshi sehlile. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku ezingama-0 zokugcina i-frozen, amandla okudumba kwes starch ahlise ukusuka kwi-8.969-A: 0.099 ukuya kwi-7.057 + 0 emva kokugcinwa kwe-60 yeentsuku ezingama-60, ngokwahlukeneyo. .007 (Akukho hpmc eyongeziweyo), incitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-9.007 + 0.159 ukuya kwi-9% ye-HPMC), incitshiswa ukusuka kwi-9% ye-HPMC), i-HPMC ye-HPMC), i-2% ye-HPMC). The results showed that the starch granules were damaged after freezing storage, resulting in the precipitation of part of the soluble starch and centrifugation. Ke ngoko, ukunyibilisela isitatshi kwasonyuka, kwaye amandla okreqo anciphe. Ukongeza, emva kokugcinwa kwenkunkuma, isitatshi se-stalash sisitatshi sokuncamathela, indawo yalo kunye namanzi abamba inciphe, kunye nesenzo esidityanisiweyo saba mandla amabini aquka isitatshi [1711]. Kwelinye icala, ukonyuka kwe-HPMC, ukuncipha kwamandla okudumba kancinci kuncipha, ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokunciphisa isitatshi esonakalisiweyo kwaye sithintele inqanaba le-starch granule yomonakalo.

I-Fig 4.4 ye-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kweqanda kumandla okuqhutywa kwesitatshi
4.3.6 IINKQUBO ZE-HPMC EYANYANYIYO YOKUGQIBELA NOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KWEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA KWEEMPAWU ZE-Thermodynamic seStarch
I-getitinifation yesitayile yinkqubo ye-thekothemic yenkqubo ye-thermodynamic. Ke ngoko, i-DSC ihlala isetyenziselwa ukumisela ubushushu be-OSPET (kufile), ubushushu obufihliweyo (ukuya), ubushushu obuphezulu (t), kunye ne-getitinization. (Tc). Itheyibhuli 4.4 ibonisa i-DSC curves ye-statizotion nge-2% kwaye ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yongezwa ngamaxesha ogcino ahlukeneyo.

Iziphumo ze-GPMC ukongezwa kunye nokugcinwa okuthambileyo kwipropathi ye-thermal yengqolowa yengqolowa
Qaphela: A yi-DSC curve yesitatshi ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC kunye ne-rumple ye-0, i-15, i-60 yeentsuku ze-HPMC nge-2% ye-HPMC yongezwa kunye ne-run

Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 4.4, kwi-amyloid entsha, ekwandeni kongezwa kwe-HPMC, isitatshi esingenayo i-0.022 (yongeza i-0.022), kunye ne-1% ye-HPMC), kunye ne-1,034 (yongeza I-2% ye-HPMC), kodwa i-4h ihla, ukusuka kwi-9.450 ± 0.53 Oku kuyafana ne-Zhou, et A1. . Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HPMC ine-hydrophicicity kwaye kulula ukudibanisa amanzi kunetaki. Kwangelo xesha, ngenxa yoluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwi-HPMC ye-HPMC, ukongezwa kwe-HPMC yonyusa ubushushu be-getitizo ye-getitizo, ngelixa i-getizopy iyancipha.
Kwelinye icala, isitabhisi se-stalashi, ukuya kuthi ga, t, TC, △ T kunye ne-△ yeholo inyuke ngokwandiswa kwexesha lokukhulula. Ngokukodwa, isitayile se-1% okanye i-2% ye-HPMC songezeleleki emva kweentsuku ezingama-60, kwaye i-0.093 (i-± i-0.093 I-71.613 ± 0.085 (i-frozen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0); Emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina umkhenkce, izinga lokukhula kwe-statitilimilid inciphile ngokunyuswa kwe-HPMC, njenge-HPMC ngaphandle kwe-HPMC ukusuka kwi-77.028 408 ± 0.021 iintsuku); Ukongeza, δH ikwabonisa umthetho ofanayo wokutshintsha, owandayo ukusuka kwi-9.450 ± 0.095 (i-0.750) ukuya kwi-12.730 (hayi, kwiintsuku ezingama-60), ngokwahlukeneyo. I-531 ± 0.030 (Yongeza i-0.5%, iintsuku ezingama-0.60), kwiintsuku ezingama-60, ukusuka kwi-0.082 ± 0.083 (2%), iintsuku ezingama-60. Esona sizathu siphambili kwezi nguqulelo zichazwe apha ngasentla kwipropathi ye-thermodynamic ye-stalating ngexesha lenkqubo yokugcina i-frozen yindawo etshabalalisayo, etshabalalisa i-amorming yommandla we-crystalline. Ukudibana kwezi zinto zimbini zonyusa i-crystall yesalamane yesitatshi, ethi ikhokelela kwisalathiso se-thermodynamic efana ne-statitilizality ye-statinization enobushushu kunye ne-getizoy. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthelekisa, inokufunyanwa ukuba phantsi kwexesha elifanayo lokugcina, ngokuvuswa kwe-HPMC, ukwanda kwesitajiti i-getinition, ukunyuka kwe-stalash ye-stalashi ukuya kuthi, t, tc, ngokuthe ngcembe iyancipha. Ingabonwa ukuba i-HPMC inokuthi igcine uzinzo ngokusebenzayo kwesakhiwo sekristali yesitatshi, ngokuthintela ukwanda kwepropathi ye-thermodynamic ye-thertody getizor.
4.3.7 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina i-readting kwi-rystallies yesalathisi
X. I-X-RBY) I-XRD ifunyenwe ngu-X. Kungenxa yokuba i-starch granules inesisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo se-crystalline, i-XRD ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya kwaye ichonge ifom ye-crystagraphic kunye nekristali yesalamane ye-crystals starstals.
Umzobo 4.6. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-A, isikhundla se-stakstalizetion ye-stakstalizetion ikwi-170, 180, 190 ne-230, ngaphandle kwe-230, kwaye akukho lutshintsho lubalulekileyo kwizikhundla ze-Peak ngaphandle kokuba ziphangiwe okanye ukongeza i-HPMC. Oku kubonisa ukuba, njengepropathi eyintsundu yengqolowa yengqolowa, ifom yekristali ihlala izinzile.
Nangona kunjalo, kunye nesobuso sexesha lokugcina elikhawulezayo, i-rystarity yesalamane yetatshi inyuke ukusuka kwi-20.40 + 0.14 (ngaphandle kwe-HPMC, i-0.42 (ngaphandle kwe-HPMC, ngokugcinwa kwe-HPMC, ngokulandelelana). Iintsuku ezingama-60), kwaye inyuke ukusuka kwi-25.75 + 0.21 (2% ye-HPMC yongezwa, i-0.14 (2% ye-HPMC yongezwa, i-60.b), le no-A1. (2016), imithetho yokutshintsha yeziphumo zokulinganisa iyahambelana [173-174]. Ukunyuka kwe-crystallies yesaladi kubangelwa ikakhulu kukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo ye-amorming kunye nokunyuka kwekristali yendawo ye-crystalline. Ukongeza, iyahambelana nokupheliswa kotshintsho kwi-Thermodynamic yepropathi ye-thertodynamic ye-stalating, i-HPMC inciphise umona wekristali, i-HPMC inokunciphisa i-crystal ye-ices, i-GRMMC iluzinzile.

Umzobo 4.6 Isiphumo se-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-furzen kwi-XRR ProTTERTERT
Qaphela: A yi-x. Iphethini ye-X-ray ray; B sisiphumo sokuzalwa kwesitatshi;
4.4 Isishwankathelo seSahluko
Isitatshi yeyona nto ininzi eyomileyo kwinhlama, ethi, emva kokuba i-Gelatinizo yongeza, yongeza iimpawu ezizodwa (ivolumu ethile, i-positure, incasa, njl. Njl.) Kwimveliso ye-domar. Kuba utshintsho lwendlela yesitatshi luya kuchaphazela iimpawu zalo ze-getitini, eziya kuthi zichaphazele umgangatho wemveliso yomgubo, kolu vavanyo, iimpawu ze-gelatiti, ukungasebenzi kwesitatshi emva kokuvavanywa kwesitatshi kunye nemixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-HPMC yongezwa. Utshintsho kwiipropathi ze-sulomoby, i-thermodynamic kunye nesakhiwo sekristali sasisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya isiphumo sokukhuseleka kwe-HPMC yongezwa kwi-starch Gratule yesakhiwo kunye neepropathi ezinxulumene noko. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokugcina umkhenkce, iimpawu ze-stalash, i-peak vissity, ixabiso lokugqibela, ixabiso lokugqibela) Inyuka i-getitinicilic angenhalpy, ngelixa amandla egenti yamandla e-starch starch anciphe ehle; Nangona kunjalo, ngakumbi ukunqunyanyiswa kwesitatshi kongezwe nge-2% ye-HPMC, i-ritistality ye-statistation inciphisa i-HPMC ye-HPMC, ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC igcina i-HPMC ye-Stalarch kunye neePropathi zayo eziZinzileyo.
ISAHLUKO SESI-5 IZIMPHUMO ZOBUCHULE BENKONZO KWI-GATS YEMOLI
5.1 Intshayelelo
I-Gags yi-educellic e-Iukarganic ye-EUKIXTAL, Ubumfi obubandakanya udonga lweselfowuni, i-Ilmbrane, njl. Njl. Njl. Njl. Njl. Phantsi kweemeko ze-aneaerobic, ivelisa utywala namandla, ngelixa phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic yayiyindlela yokuvelisa ikharbon diokside, amanzi namandla.
Igwele lunoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwimveliso egudileyo egudileyo (i-dordaugh ifunyenwe ngokubengwa kwendalo, ubukhulu becala i-lacqued ye-cerbon kwi-starbon kwi-carbon diokb dioxide kunye namanzi emva kokuphefumla. I-carbon diokside ivele inokwenza idanga le ivule, lingqele kwaye lininzi. Kwangelo xesha, ukubongoza igeg kunye nendima yayo njengengqungquthela yokuphumelela akunakuphucula ixabiso lesondlo lemveliso, kodwa kukuphucula kakhulu iimpawu zemfazwe. Ke ngoko, inqanaba lokusinda kunye nomsebenzi wobubi lwegwele linefuthe elibalulekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela (ivolumu ethile, kunye nencasa, njl. Njl.). [175].
Kwimeko yomkhenkce, igwele liya kuchaphazeleka ngoxinzelelo lwendalo esingqongileyo kwaye lichaphazele ukusebenza kwalo. Xa inqanaba lokukhwaza liphezulu kakhulu, amanzi kwinkqubo iya kukhala ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyuse uxinzelelo lwe-OSOIC lwe-osmoting ye-Igle, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukuba iiseli ziphulukane namanzi; Xa inqanaba lokukhwaza liphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, i-crystals yomkhenkce iya kuba inkulu kakhulu kwaye igwele liya kutyunjwa kwaye udonga lweseli luya kona; Zombini ziya kunciphisa inqanaba lokusinda kwegwele kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wobubi. Ukongeza, izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba emva kokuba iiseli zegwele ziqengqeleka ngenxa yokukhulula, ziya kuthi zinciphise ubume be-Gluten ye-Gluten, eziya kuthi zinciphise umgangatho weemveliso zePasta [176-17]].
Ngenxa yokuba i-HPMC inogcino oluqinileyo lwamanzi kunye nenqanaba lokuqhuba kwamanzi, ukongeza kwi-Dough System kunokubangela ukwakhiwa nokukhula kweekristale zomkhenkce. Kweli vavanyo, inani elahlukileyo le-HPMC longezwa kwinhlama, kwaye emva kwethuba elithile emva kokugcina umkhenkce, ubungakanani be-Golutathione kwi-HELMC yayizimisele ukuvavanya isiphumo se-HPMC kwi-gemc iimeko phantsi kwe-HPMC.
5.2 Izixhobo kunye neendlela
5.2.1 Izinto zovavanyo kunye nezixhobo
Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo
Ingelosi esebenzayo eyomileyo
I-BPS. I-500cl yobushushu obuqhubekayo kunye nebhokisi yokufuma
I-3M yefilimu yefilimu yefilimu ye-Colony
Sp. Imodeli 754 UV Spectraphotometer
Itheyibhile yokusebenza ecocekileyo ye-Ultra
Kdc. I-160hr ephezulu ye-Centrifuge yesantya esiqinisekisiweyo
I-ZWY-240 i-Incubator yeqondo lokushisa
I-BDS. I-200 ye-microscope ye-biologional microscope

Umvelisi
Ingelosi ye-co., ltd.
Shanghai Yiheng isixhobo seSayensi CO., Ltd.
I-3m Iqumrhu laseMelika
I-Shanghai Spectrum yeSayensi CO., Ltd.
I-jiangSU tong chings yezixhobo co., ltd.
I-Ahiyo Zhongke Zhongjia
I-Shanghai Zehiicheng isixhobo sokwenza i-LTD
I-chongqng yesixhobo se-Auto of Co., ltd.
5.2.2 Indlela yovavanyo
5.2.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwegwele
Ubunzima obuyi-3 g kwigwele eyomileyo, luyongeze kwi-50 ml centrifuge tube phantsi kweemeko ze-ASEptige phantsi kweemeko ezingama-9% ze-9% (W / v) i-10% yomhluzi. Ke, ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Gcina kwifriji nge-18 ° C. Emva kwe-15 D, 30 d, kunye ne-60 d ye-frozen, iisampulu zakhutshwa ukuze kuvavanywe. Yongeza i-0.5%, i-1%, i-2% ye-HPMC (W / W) yokutshintsha ipesenti ehambelanayo yesantya esisebenzayo. Ngokukodwa, emva kokuba i-HPMC ibuliwe, kufuneka incitshiswe phantsi kwe-Ultraviot Lamp kwimizuzu engama-30 yokubulala intsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane.
5.2.2.2 Ubungqina bobude beNordes
Jonga uMeziani, et A1. (2012) Indlela yovavanyo [eli-17 elibonisiweyo, ngotshintsho oluncinci. Ubunzima obu-5 g yenzuzo ye-flozen kwi-50 ml yemilimili ye-Isbhonisi, cinezela i-inhlama kwi-TOM ye-1 ye-cube, emva koko ithathe i-1 ° C kwaye ithe tye kwi-tube yenzuzo ye-millimeter (igcina amanani amabini). Kwiisampulu ezingenaziphelo ezingalinganiyo ziphela emva kokungqinisisa, khetha amanqaku ama-3 okanye ama-4 kwixesha elilinganayo ukulinganisa iindawo eziphakamileyo (umzekelo, amaxabiso aphezulu aphezulu ahluthwe. Isampulu nganye yathunyelwa kathathu.
5.2.2.3 I-CFU (i-Colony yeeyunithi) Ibaliwe
Ubunzima be-1 g yenhlama, yongeza kwityhubhu yovavanyo ene-9 ml ye-Sterile ye-ASEptic ngokweemfuno zomsebenzi we-ASEptic, iRekhonsing Gradial Gradients Gradenty i-10'1. Zoba i-1 ml ye-subution kwi-tuby nganye engasentla, yongeza embindini we-3m ye-3m ye-3m ye-3M ye-3M ye-3M ye-3M ukukhetha i-3m ye-3M ukukhetha i-25 ye-CARINN ngokweemfuno ze-25 ° stoubator ngokweemfuno ze-3M. 5 d, take out after the end of the culture, first observe the colony morphology to determine whether it conforms to the colony characteristics of yeast, and then count and microscopically examine [179]. Isampulu nganye yaphindaphindwa kathathu.
5.2.2.4 Ukuzimisela kwe-Glutathione
Indlela ye-alloxan yayisetyenziselwa ukumisela umxholo we-glutatheatheone. Umgaqo kukuba imveliso yokuphendula yeGlutathione kunye ne-alloxan inencopho ye-Alking kwi-305 NL. Indlela yokuzimisela ethile: I-Pipette 5 ml ye-Yeagrini kwi-10000 ye-1000 ye-1 ML ye-1,5 ye-1,5 ye-1,5) kunye ne-1 ML yesicombululo kuyo, xuba Ewe, vumela imizuzu emi-6, kwaye ngoko nangoko udibanise i-1 m, u-nah isisombululo sasiyi-1 ml, kunye ne-Ansing kwi-305 NM yalinganiswa nge-UV Spectratometer emva kokuxuba ngokucokisekileyo. Umxholo we-glutathione wabalwa ukusuka kwijika eliqhelekileyo. Isampulu nganye yathunyelwa kathathu.
5.2.2.5 Ukulungiswa kwedatha
Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonakaliswa njengobuphambuka obuqhelekileyo, kunye novavanyo ngalunye lwenziwe kathathu. Uhlalutyo lomahluko lwenziwa usebenzisa i-SPSS, kwaye inqanaba lokubaluleka yayingu-0.05. Sebenzisa imvelaphi ukutsala iigrafu.
5.3 Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo
5.3.1 Impembelelo ye-HPMC yokongelisa i-HPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokugcina i-frozen kwi-domand boult
Ukuphakama kobungqina kwenhlama kuhlala kuchaphazeleka yimpembelelo edibeneyo yegesi yokunikezelwa kwegesi Phakathi kwawo, umsebenzi wobubi obuninzi uya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla akhe okubeka ngqo amandla ayo nokuvelisa igesi, kwaye isixa segesi yegesi ye-Yeat sigqiba umgangatho wemveliso egudileyo egudileyo, kubandakanya ivolumu ethile kunye nokuma. Umsebenzi wobubi wegwele uchaphazeleka ikakhulu zizinto zangaphandle (ezinje ngotshintsho kwizondlo ezinjengekhabhoni kunye ne-nitrojeni, i-jit.).

Umzobo we-5.1 we-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kweqanda ukuphakama kobungqina be-domade
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 5.1, xa iqhwa ngeentsuku ezingama-0, ngokunyuka kwesixa se-HPMC songezwa, ukuphakama kobungqina benhlamo kunyukile ukusuka ku-4.234-0.11 cm ngaphandle kongeza i-HPMC. -0.12% ye-HPMC yongezwa), 4.314-0.19 cm (1% i-HPMC) ye-HPMC yongezwa kwe-HPMC Guqula ubume be-DEMICH (funda isahluko 2). Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba eqhutywa ziintsuku ezingama-60, ukuphakama kobungqina kwenhlamo kwehlayo ukuya kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, ukuphakama ubungqina benhlama ngaphandle kwe-HPMC kwancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-4.234-0.11 cm (i-cmy yeentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-3 .18 + 0.15 cm (i-CM eqaqambileyo); Inhlama yongezwe nge-0.5% ye-HPMC yancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-4.27 + 0.12 cm (i-crozen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-3.424-0.22 cm yeentsuku ezimbini). Iintsuku ezingama-60); Intshukumo eyongezwe nge-1% ye-HPMC ihlile ukusuka ku-4.314-0.19 cm (i-crozen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-3.774-0.12 i-CM yeentsuku ezingama-60); Ngelixa inhlama yongezwe nge-2% hpmc ivuke. Ukuphakama kweenwele kuncitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-4.594-0.17 cm (i-frozen yogcino lweentsuku ezingama-0) ukuya kwi-4.09- ± 0.16 cm (i-fm i-cm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (i-fm (yokugcina i-fm). Ingabonwa ukuba ngokunyuka kwesixa se-HPMC, inqanaba lokuncipha kobungqina bobungqina benhlama yenhlama ngokuthe ngcembe bancipha. Oku kubonisa ukuba phantsi kwemeko yokugcina i-frozen, i-HPMC ayinakugcina uzinzo lwenethiwekhi ye-Doment, kodwa ikwakhusela ireyithi yomsebenzi wegesi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa i-noodles esemgangathweni.
5.3.2 Iziphumo ze-IPMC yongeza kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwixabiso le-Yegring
Kwimeko yomkhenkce ongumkhenkce, kuba amanzi aqabileyo kwi-Douse System aguqulwa abe ngamakristali ye-ices, uxinzelelo lwe-osmouc ngaphandle kwe-GATS, iprojekthi yeleags iphantsi koxinzelelo oluthile. Xa iqondo lobushushu lihlisiwe okanye ligcinwe kubushushu obuphantsi ixesha elide, isixa esincinci sekristali siya kuvela kwiiseli zegwele, esiya kukhokelela ekuphunyezweni kwe-Goldid, njengokukhutshwa kwento encitshisiweyo - i-Glutathione, okanye nokufa ngokupheleleyo; Kwangelo xesha, igwele eliphantsi koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, imisebenzi yalo ye-metabolic iya kuncitshiswa, kwaye ezinye iinkalo ziya kuveliswa, eziya kunciphisa umsebenzi wegesi yegesi yegesi.

Umzobo 5.2 Isiphumo se-HPMC yongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-furzen kwireyithi yetyala
Ingabonwa kumzobo 5.2 ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwinani le-Yeast Colonies kwiisampuli ezinemixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-HPMC yongezwa ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC olongezwe ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC longezwe ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC longezwe ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC longezwe ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC longezwe ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC olongezwe ngaphandle konyango lwe-HPMC. Oku kuyafana nesiphumo esimiselwe nguHeitmann, uZannini, & Adndt (2015). Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-60 zokukhulula, inani le-Yeast Colonies linciphile kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-3.08x106 CFU ukuya kwi-1.76CS10 cFM10 CFMC); ukusuka kwi-3.04X106 CFU ukuya kwi-193x106 CFU (yongeza i-0.5% ye-HPMC); ukuncitshiswa kwi-3.12X106 CFU ukuya kwi-2.14X106 CFU (yongezwa i-1% ye-HPMC); Incitshisiwe kwi-3.02x106 CFU ukuya kwi-2.55X106 CFU (yongezwa i-2% ye-HPMC). Ngokuthelekisa, inokufunyanwa ukuba imeko yokugcina ikhuba ikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenombolo ye-Yeatile, kodwa ngokuvuswa kwe-HPMC, inqanaba lokwehla kwenombolo ye-Colony linciphile. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokukhusela igwele elingaphezulu phantsi kweemeko zokukhulula. Indlela yokukhusela ifana ne-Glycerol, i-strain isetyenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulu ngokunqanda ukwenziwa nokukhula kweekristale zomkhenkce kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegwele lobushushu eliphantsi. Umzobo 5.3 Ngaba umzobo othathwe kwi-3m ye-3m ye-3m ye-3m ye-3m ye-3m ye-3M ye-3M ye-3m

Umzobo 5.3 I-Micrographi ye-geats
5.3.3 Iziphumo ze-HPMC yongezwa kunye nexesha lokukhulula kwi-Glutathione Khuthwe Inhlama
I-Glutathione yindawo ye-tripeppide eyenziwe nge-glutamic acid, i-cysteine ​​kunye ne-gilcine, kwaye ineentlobo ezimbini: Ukuncitshiswa kunye nokuncitshiswa. Xa ubume beseli begwele butshabalalisiwe kwaye bufelwe, i-conmetion yeeseli iyandongeza, kwaye i-intracellione ikhutshelwe ngaphandle kweseli, kwaye inciphise. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Glutathione inciphise i-Bonds (-ss-) yenziwa ngumnxibelelanisi we-gluten of glutenry, ichaphazela indlela ye-Sulfhydryl. Uzinzo kunye nengqibelelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhokelele ekuthandeni umgangatho womgangatho weemveliso ezigulayo ezibilayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, phantsi koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo (njengamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, njl. Njl. Xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zilungele ukukhula kwayo kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona, emva koko kwakhona emva koko, emva koko kwakhona iMetabolism kunye ne-guitional fiitity. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iigadi zoxinzelelo oluhlwempuzekileyo okanye umsebenzi onamandla we-metabolic uza kufa ukuba zigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina iqanda ixesha elide.

Umzobo we-5.4 we-HPMC ukongezwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-frozen kumxholo we-GLTHTHTHICOOOO (GSH)
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 5.4, Isiqulatho se-glutathioasoone sanyuswa ngaphandle kokuba i-HPMC yongezwa okanye ayikho, kwaye kwakungekho mahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwemali yokonga eyahlukileyo. Oku kunokuba kuba inye yegwele elisebenzayo elisetyenziselwa ukwenza inyoka inoxinzelelo lokunganyangeki kunye nokunyamezelana. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yeqondo lobushushu eliphantsi elikhawulezayo, iiseli ziyafa, emva koko i-Glutathione ikhutshiwe, enxulumene kuphela neempawu zengxolo ngokwayo. Inxulumene nemeko yangaphandle, kodwa ayinanto yakwenza nenani le-HPMC yongezwa. Ke ngoko, umxholo weGlutathione unyukile kwiintsuku ezili-15 zokukhululeka kwaye kwakungekho mahluko ubambi phakathi kwezi zimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ngakumbi ukongezwa kwexesha lokuqhwalela, ukwanda kwe-Glutathione yongeza ukongezwa kwe-HPMC, kunye ne-Glutathione yesisombululo se-bittery ngaphandle kwe-2,3210MG / G Ngelixa i-Yeagy i-GAGS yongeze i-2% ye-HPMC, imixholo yayo ye-Glutathione yanda ukusuka kwi-2.307 + 0.058 MG / G Oku kwabonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokukhusela iiseli zebhendi kwaye inciphise ukufa kwegwele, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umxholo we-glutathione ekhutshwe ngaphandle kweseli. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HPMC inokunciphisa inani leekristale ze-ice, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ngoxinzelelo lweekristale ze-ice ukuya kwigwele kwaye zithintele ukwanda kwe-glutathione ye-glutangathanga.
5.4 Isishwankathelo seSahluko
Igwele lilungu elingenakuthelekiswa nanto kwaye libalulekileyo kwimveliso egudileyo egudileyo, kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wobubi uya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Kweli vavanyo, isiphumo sokukhusela kwe-HPMC kwi-Geast System Systems saye savavanywa ngokufunda imiphumo yongezwa kwe-HPMC ye-HPMC kumxholo we-Holden. Ngeemvavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kungcono ukugcina umsebenzi wobubi begwele, kwaye kunciphise inqanaba lokwahlula kwentlama emva koko kukhuthaze umthamo othile wemveliso yokugqibela; in addition, the addition of HPMC effectively The decrease of yeast survival number was inhibited and the increase rate of reduced glutathione content was reduced, thereby alleviating the damage of glutathione to dough network structure. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba i-HPMC inokukhusela igesi ngokunqanda ukwenziwa nokukhula kweekristale zomkhenkce.