I-Sersulose Ether Istor Sonke isisombululo

I-SellUloseri (Selelulosether) yenziwa nge-sellulose edlula kwi-etherhesition yokuphendula ye-etherhesi I-Seletulose ethen inokwahlulwa ibe yi-aion, i-ceric kunye nee-nainic ze-nainic ngokwesakhiwo sekhemikhali se-ether. I-Ionic selsulose Ether ikakhulu i-carboxymethyl sether ye-ether (CMC); I-Ionic se-ionic sether i-Ether ikakhulu ibandakanya i-methyl sether sether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl sether setheli (i-HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyythl sether (HC). I-Eic Aonic I-Ionic yahlulahlulwe yaba yi-ether-arther ye-ether kunye ne-ether-enyibilikisi enyibiliki, kunye ne-eo-ionsul enyibilikisiweyo isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimveliso zodaka. Phambi kwe-calcium Ions, ionic seluplose i-ether ayizinzanga, ngoko kunqabile ukuba isetyenziswe kwimveliso eyomileyo yokufa enesamente enesamente, i-hydrations njengezixhobo zesamente. I-eric ye-ionic ye-ionic ye-ionic isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha ngenxa yokuzibhokoxa kwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.

1. Iipropathi zeekhemikhali ze-seluplose i-ether

I-ether nganye ye-seluplose inesakhiwo esisisiseko se-selelsulose, i-DeDucose ye-Glucose. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-Itelulose Ether, i-fiber ye-selselose ifudunyelelwa kwisisombululo se-Alkaline, emva koko sanyangwa ngearhente yokuthetha. Imveliso yokuphendula ye-Fibral yokuphendula ihlanjululwe kwaye inyuswe umgubo ofanayo wokulunga.

Kwinkqubo yemveliso ye-MC, kuphela i-methane chloride isetyenziswe njengearhente yokuthetha. Ukongeza kwi-methane chloride, i-propylene oxide isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-HPMC ukufumana amaqela athabathekayo e-hydroxypropy. Iiseli ezahlukeneyo zeselfowuni zinemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo ye-methyl kunye ne-hydroxyproplopyproplowl echaphazela isothulo lwe-selsulose ye-Seler kunye neqondo lobushushu le-thermal.

2. Imeko yesicelo se-seluplose ether

I-Teluplose Ether luhlobo lwe-polymer ye-unic ye-Ionic ye-Ioni-ye-Inic ye-Ioni-ye-Solic Syntmer, kunye nokuluka kwamanzi kunye nokuluka, kumashishini ahlukeneyo okubangelwa yindima kwahlukile, umzekelo, kwizinto zokwakha iikhemikhali, inendima yokudibanisa:

① Ukugcina amanzi iarhente yearhente yokuthintela ipropathi yepropathi

Kwishishini le-polyvinyl pherviny, ngumzi, ukusasazeka; Kumzi-mveliso wamachiza, luhlobo lwe-binder kunye ne-Skelele Steleton Spedles, kuba i-sellyulose ineziphumo ezahlukeneyo, ngenxa yoko yeyona ndawo isetyenziswa kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo kugxilwe ekusebenziseni i-seluplose i-ether kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nendima.

(1) Ipeyinti ye-testx:

Kumgca wepeyinti ye-Latex, funa ukukhetha i-hydroxyEseyl ye-hyuplose, ukucaciswa ngokubanzi kwe-viscofity enjalo yiRT30000- 500CPs, i-In-I-IT kunye ne-HBERICS ihambelana ne-1.5 ‰ -2 ‰ amacala asekhohlo. Indima ephambili yeHydroxyEyl kwipeyinti ye-Latex yeyokuthintela ukungqubana kweempawu, igalelo ekusasazeni izinto, ukuzinza, kunye nokwakhiwa kwenqanaba lokusebenza: i-hydroxyythyl sellise ilula ukuyisebenzisa. Ingachithwa kumanzi obandayo namanzi ashushu, kwaye ayichaphazeleki kwixabiso le-pH. Ingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwixabiso le-pi ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-12. Le ndlela kufuneka inyule i-hydroxythl touleday, i-HydroxyEtheetheethyl i-iformating ye-vydroxyl, i-HydroxyEzyl i-iform ihamba kancinci ngaphakathi Isisombululo (3) siyaqhubeka nokuxhasa de kube zonke izinto ze-Granular (4) ukujoyina ezinye iimvumelwano kunye ne-Alkaline Adritives (5) de icime onke amanye amacandelo efomula, esigagalayo kwimveliso egqityiweyo. II, ixhotywe kunye notywala botywala obulindile: Le ndlela inokukhetha uhlobo lwethutyana, kwaye inomthombo wobungqina-ifuthe le-sellulose. Le ndlela inenzuzo yokuguquguquka okukhulu, inokutongwa ngokuthe ngqo kwipeyinti ye-Latex, indlela yokulungiselela iyafana neManyathelo. Ⅲ. Lungiselela i-Porridge yokusetyenziswa: Ngenxa yokuba izinyibilikisi ze-organic zizinto ezimbi ze-hydroxyyteethy (i-insullen), ngenxa yoko izinyibilikisi zinokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-porridge. Esona sinyibilili esiqhelekileyo se-solvent sisimo sezinto eziphilayo kwifomula yepeyinti ye-FELX

(2) Kwi-Dall Skuty:

Okwangoku, uhlobo loKhuseleko lweNkcubeko esiNgqongileyo, olunganyangekiyo lwamanzi kunye nokunganyangeki kwezi zixeko ezininzi, ihlawulwe ngabantu ngokusisiseko. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kuba i-DOTTY esenziwe nge-glue ye-glue ye-formaldehyde irhasi, iglue yenziwa nge-polyvinyl utywala kunye ne-folyaldehyde yendlela yokuphendula ye-polyvingl. Ke ngoko, le nto ishenxiswa ngabantu, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwezi zixhobo ziimveliso zokuthabatha i-Eler Seler, oko kukuthi, ukuphuculwa kwezinto zokwakha izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNdalo, iSeletulose kuphela uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwi-interety enganyangekiyo emanzini yahlulwe zambini iintlobo zomgubo owomileyo kwaye ezi zinamathisela ngokutsha, i-Doty Goods i-3000 ye-Getyl ye-Isty ye-Isty, i-vills, i-BOURDE, i-qubringl. Ngenxa yokuba ifomula ye-putoty yomenzi ngamnye ayifani, ezinye zii-calcium engwevu, i-calcium emhlophe, i-calcium ye-gypum, i-clecium ye-gypum, i-facecium ye-gypum, i-facering ye-Gypsing, i-vientral yongeziweyo imalunga ne-2 ‰ -3 ‰. Kwindlela yokuvuthuza i-Wall inesithukuthezi sokwakhiwa kwabantwana, isiseko sodonga sine-Absorbler (udonga lwezitena eline-13%, ukuba i-TOTERE i-3-5% ye-Doty ye-Dutowel, ke, emva kokujoyina i-Ether i-Ether iya kuyisombulula le ngxaki. Kodwa umgangatho we-filler, ngakumbi i-calcium ash, ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yeseluplose, ikwandise amandla okudada, kwaye kuthintela i-phenomenon yokungena ekwakhiweni, kwaye ikhululekile ngakumbi kwaye igcinwe ekusebenzeni. Kwipowder i-pocety sether i-Ether i-Ether ifanelekile ukongeza amanqaku emizi-mveliso, imveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyinto efanelekileyo, yokwahlulwa kwamanzi, kunye nemali eninzi.

(3) Umlanjana wekhonkrithi:

Ngommandla wekhonkrithi, nyani ukufezekisa amandla okugqibela, kufuneka benze i-qumeration yesamente ngokupheleleyo, ngakumbi ehlotyeni ilahleko, ngokusebenza kwe-rossrete ye-subreete, yongeza i-selsueling ye-subrement ye-readreese I-HydroxylDollipyl ye-Hydropyl okanye i-methyl seluplose, imigaqo-nkqubo yobufazi phakathi kuka-20000- 60000cps, yongeza isixa se-2% - 3%. Malunga, iqondo lokugcina amanzi linganyuka lingaphezulu kwe-85%, indlela yokusetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yomgubo owomileyo udityaniswe emanzini.

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Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loMzi-mveliso wokwakha, imfuno yabantu yezinto zokwakha ezitsha ikwanda imihla ngemihla yokukhusela kwabantu ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kokuphuculwa kwemveliso yokwakha, izixhobo ze-Gypsum ze-Gypsim ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku ezona mveliso ziqhelekileyo ze-gypsim ine-stucco gypsum, i-godpsum ye-godpsum, i-gypsum efakwe eGypsum, iTiyile. I-Stucco Plaster luhlobo lodonga olungaphakathi olusezantsi kunye nempahla yophahla, udonga olunobuqilima kunye nebhongo, kwaye ungayisebenzi kakuhle, kwaye inomsebenzi wothintelo loMlilo; I-Gypsive Gypsum luhlobo olutsha lweplate yokukhanya, yi-Gypsum njengezinto ezisisiseko, zongeza iintlobo ze-arhente ezingenatyhefu, zilungele ezinye izinto, yibhodi yokwakha, ibhloko yokwakha; I-Gypsim Sealant yi-filler yomqala phakathi kweepleyiti ze-gypsim kunye nokulungiswa kodonga kunye nodonga. Ezi mveliso ze-gypsim zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukongeza kwi-gypsum kwaye i-fillers ezinxulumene noko idlala indima, umba ophambili kukuba i-Seth Supeties ye-Ether idlala indima ekhokelayo. Kungenxa yokuba iGesso yahlulwe yangabo abangenayo iGesso kunye ne-Gesso yaManzi, iGesso eyahlukileyo ye-Gesso, iGesso eyahlukileyo ye-Gesso yahlukile kwimveliso yemveliso, i-ssoning, indawo yokugcina amanzi, ukuseta okucothayo kuthatha isigqibo sezinto zokwakha iGesso. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo yezi zixhobo ilahleko idrum engenanto, amandla okuqala akakho kule ngxaki, ukusombulula le ngxaki, kukhetho lwe-methyl gest, malunga ne-methyl ye-methyl methyl 300% - 2% - 2%. Phakathi, iseluplose ukusuka ekugxilwe kuyo kukugcinwa kwamanzi kwendawo yokucoca amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kule nkqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ixhomekeke kwi-Ether Sether njenge-rearder, kwaye i-cicker acid kufuneka yongezwe kumxube ukuze amandla okuqala angachaphazeli. Iqondo lokugcina amanzi ngokubanzi libhekisa kwinani lelahleko yamanzi ngaphandle kwe-ansunce yangaphandle. Ukuba udonga lomile, isiseko sokupheliswa komhlaba esiphezulu kunye nokuphuma kwendalo kwenza ukuba izinto ziphulukane namanzi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kuya kubakho idrum engenanto kunye ne-phenomeno. Le ndlela yokusetyenziswa kwendlela eyomileyo yokusetyenziswa komgubo, ukuba isisombululo sinokubhekisa kwindlela yokulungiselela isisombululo.

(5) uHlobo lweThermal

Ukufakwa kwe-thermal i-thermal yindawo entsha yokuchonga i-bantla China. Sisixhobo sodonga esihlelwe sisixhobo sokufakelwa kobushushu, udaka kunye ne-binder. Kule nto, i-seluplose idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni nasekukhuliseni amandla. Ngokubanzi, i-viscosity ephezulu ye-methyl seluplose (malunga ne-10000s) ikhethiwe, kwaye umthamo ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-2 ‰ -3 ‰. Indlela yokusetyenziswa yindlela yokudibanisa imigubo yomgubo.

(6) Iarhente ye-interface

Ukukhetha i-arhente ye-arhente ye-HPMC200CPS, Ukukhetha i-Tile Hinder engaphezulu kwe-60000cps, kwi-arhente ye-Argent yeArhente kwi-Arhente yokuthambisa, inokuphucula amandla amanqindi kunye nezinye iziphumo. Isetyenziswa njengearhente yokugcina amanzi etayile ibhongo ukuba ikhusele i-tile ekuphulukaneni namanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye iwele.

I-3. I-thrin yamashishini

(1) Ishishini eliphezulu
Ezona zinto ziphambili eziluhlaza ezifunekayo ukuvelisa i-Ether Sether iquka i-cotton ye-cotton (okanye i-pulp ye-prop), i-prophene oxide, i-prophene oxide, i-englene oxide, i-toluene kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo. Amashishini oShishino lweShishini eliPhezulu kulu shishino lubandakanya ikotoni ecocekileyo, i-Pulp yemveliso yenkuni yemveliso kunye namashishini akhe amashishini. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphambili zezinto eziluhlaza okukhankanywe apha ngasentla kuya kuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwixabiso lemveliso kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa i-Telulose Ether.
Ixabiso le-cotton ecocekileyo liphezulu. Ukuthatha izinto zokwakha iBanga le-Telupese Ether njengomzekelo, ngexesha lokunika ingxelo, i-Cotton yekotoni ye-Ingcali ye-GELDULOEE I-ETER ye-ITALSULOSE YENKCAZO YENKCAZO YABASETYENZISIWEYO YAYI-31.550%, ngokulandelelana. Isiphuculo sexabiso le-cotton esihlaziyiweyo liza kuchaphazela iindleko zemveliso ze-ether eselfowuni. Ezona zinto ziphambili zekotoni ehlaziyiweyo ngumkhonzazana wekotoni. Imfumba emfutshane yomqhaphu yenye yeemveliso ze-cotton kwinkqubo yemveliso yekotoni, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso ye-cotton Pulp, i-cotton ehlaziyiweyo, i-nitrocelsulose kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenzisa umahluko womqhaphu omfutshane kunye nomqhaphu mkhulu, ixabiso layo lingaphantsi kunexabiso lekotoni, kodwa line-correrating yexabiso lekotoni. I-cotton emfutshane yentengo yokuqhawula ubuza kuchaphazela ixabiso lekotoni ecocekileyo.
Ukugqwetha obukhali kwexabiso lekotoni ecocekileyo kuya kuchaphazela iindleko zemveliso, amaxabiso emveliso kunye nenzuzo yamashishini alo mzi mveliso ukuya kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo. Xa ixabiso le-cotton ecocekileyo liphezulu kwaye ixabiso le-Pulp yeWood linokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sekotoni ehlaziyiweyo yokunciphisa i-seluplosity ethobekileyo, efana ne-Itelime ye-Ether kunye neBanga lokutya. Ngokwewebhusayithi ye-Bureau kaZwelonke ye-Attisus, indawo yokutyala iChina yeChina yayizizigidi ezili-4,35 zezigidi ngonyaka ka-2013, kwaye i-cotton yekotoni yayiyi-6.31 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zoMbutho weSurigueSewe, ngo-2014, iziphumo zizonke zekotoni ehlaziyiweyo eyenziwe ngabavelisi bekotoni enkulu yasekhaya yayingama-332,000 eetoni, ezinobuninzi bezinto eziphezulu.
Ezona zinto ziphambili zemveliso yokuveliswa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali zegrafu zinentsimbi kunye ne-gratite carbon. Ixabiso lensimbi kunye ne-graphite carbon ibalwe indleko zeendleko zemveliso yezixhobo zegrafiti iphezulu. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza kuya kuba nefuthe elithile kwixabiso lemveliso kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa izixhobo zegrafiti.
(2) Imveliso ye-Selese
I-selsulose ether njenge "i-roososodium ye-ronosodium Glutamate", i-Selese Ether yongeza umda, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, amashishini ahlala ezihlalweni asasazeke kuzo zonke iintlobo zobomi kuzwelonke.
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umzi-mveliso wokwakha ophantsi kunye nomzi-mveliso wendlu nomhlaba uya kuba nefuthe elithile ekukhuleni kwebango lwe-Ibanga aseThekwini. Xa icandelo lokwakha lasekhaya kunye necandelo lokwakhiwa kwezindlu likhula ngokukhawuleza, imfuno yentengiso yasekhaya yezixhobo zokwakha i-Ether I-Ether ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa ukukhula komzi-mveliso wokwakha wasekhaya kunye nomzi mveliso wendlu nomhlaba ophantsi, imfuno yentengiso yekhaya yeBanga lokwakha i-Ether iya kunciphisa i-Serves, kwaye ikhuthaze inkqubo yokusinda kweshishini.
Ukusukela ngo-2012, ibango lezinto zokwakha i-Ibangase i-Ether kwimarike yasekhaya ayibhanxa kakhulu phantsi kwendalo esingqongileyo yokwakhiwa okucothayo kumzi-mveliso wokwakha wasekhaya. Esona sizathu siphambili: Okokuqala, ubungakanani becandelo lonke lokwakha lwasekhaya kunye neshishini lokuthengisa izindlu, imfuno yentengiso iyonke ininzi; Imakethi ephambili yokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha i-Eler I-Eler ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwiindawo eziphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nezixeko zokuqala kunye nezixeko zenqanaba lesibini kunye nezixeko ze-Intanethi kunye nendawo yokukhula kwemfuno yekhaya ayanda. Okwesibini, isixa se-etelsese i-ether songezwa kwinani leendleko zokwakha liphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi bodwa kuncinane, abathengi basasazeke, imfuno epheleleyo kwimakethi ye-Dowwream iZinzile; I-3, i-Eatis yeZinto zeMakethi yeThengiso ichaphazela i-Ether ye-Ether ye-Ether itshintsha, imiba ebalulekileyo enokuthengwa kwe-EREAse ukusukela ngonyaka we-2012, ikhulise imfuno yokuthenga i-2012, ikhulisa imfuno yeemveliso zentengiso yesiqhelo kunye nexabiso.
Ukuphuhliswa komzi-mveliso wamachiza kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kweshishini lamayeza kuya kuchaphazela ukutshintsha kwemfuno ye-ClemUlose PalEse. Ukuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu kunye nomzi mveliso wokutya okuphuhlileyo kuyasebenza ukuqhuba imfuno yentengiso ye-Sele ye-ether.

 
I-6. Inqaku loPhuculo lweTeluplose Ether

Ngenxa yentswelo yolwakhiwo kwimfuno yentengiso ye-Teluplose Ether, amashishini anamandla ahlukeneyo anokuphinda afumane. Ngokweempawu zokwahlula ulwakhiwo lwezinto zentengiso, abavelisi base-Selese baseSelsulose e-Eler Idityaniswe namandla abo ukuze bafumane iindlela zokhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo, kodwa baqonda kakuhle indlela yokuphuhlisa intengiso kunye nolwalathiso.

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I-Teluplose Ether kwishishini lamashishini asezantsi asezantsi kwindleko zemveliso incinci, kodwa inempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wemveliso. Amaqela abathengi abaphakathi kunye nabaphezulu ekusebenziseni imodeli ye-rand ye-Teluplose Other ngaphambi kokuqulunqwa kovavanyo. Emva kokwakha ifomula elizinzileyo, kusoloko kulula ukutshintsha ezinye iimpawu zeemveliso, kodwa nokubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokwenza uzinzo lomgangatho we-Telulose. Le nto ibalasele ibalasele ngakumbi kwizixhobo zemveliso zasekhaya nezamazwe angaphandle zolwakhiwo, izihlobo zamayeza, izongezelelo zokutya, i-PVC kunye neminye imimandla yokuphela. Ukwenzela ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lweemveliso, amashishini emveliso kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweebatokwa ezahlukeneyo ze-tartulose i-Ether kunokugcina uzinzo olusemgangathweni, ukuze kulungiswe igama elingcono lentengiso.
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Kwimeko yeTekhnoloji ye-Eler Sether Imveliso iyakhula ngakumbi, inqanaba eliphezulu letekhnoloji yesicelo liyadingeka ukuphucula ukhuphiswano olubanzi lwamashishini, ukwenziwa kobudlelwane babathengi abazinzileyo. Amashishini awaziwayo awaziwa kakuhle kumazwe aphuhlileyo amkela isicwangciso sokhuphiswano 'ajongene nabathengi abakhulu kwaye basebenzise ifomula yokusetyenziswa kwe-Etherredam ukuze basebenzise imfuno yabathengi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela behlakulela imfuno yentengiso yentengiso. Olu khuphiswano lwe-Elesese Telupelose Telupis kumazwe aphuhlileyo lungene kwicandelo letekhnoloji yesicelo kwiimveliso.

I-seluplose ether, eyaziwa ngokuba "yi-monosodium ye-ronosodium glutamate", inezibonelelo zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, i-dosage yeyunithi encinci, isiphumo sokuhlengahlengiswa kakuhle, iringi enobuhlobo kwaye njalo.
Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizinto zokwakha, amayeza, ukutya kunye nendwangu