Ukuntywila kulwelo, kwaziwa njengodaka lokuqhuba, kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuqhuba ioyile kunye negesi. Imisebenzi yabo ephambili ibandakanya ukuthambisa kwaye ukupholise i-Drill bit, ithutha i-Drill Cutrengs kumphezulu, ukugcina uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic ukunqanda ukugcwalisa i-quelbore ekungeneni kweendonga zequla. Ukuqulunqwa kwee-slecting ze-fell zinokwahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi ziquka amanzi anoliwe, ezongeziweyo, kunye neearhente ezinzima. I-Carboxymethyl Selelose (CMC) sisitshixo sezinto eziphambili kulwelo ngenxa yepropathi eyahlukileyo, ephuculeka ukusebenza ngokukuko kunye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokuqhuba.
Iipropathi zebhokisi ye-carboxymethyl seluplose
I-Carboxymethyl Selelose yi-polymer ye-sollomer efakwe kwi-sellyulose. Isakhiwo sayo semichiza siqulathe imixokelelwane yeselfowuni kunye ne-carboxymethyl amaqela (-Ch2-Coh) iqhotyoshelwe kumaqela e-hlucopyl. Inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni yala maqela limisela isomba kunye neempawu ze-viscosity. I-CMC inokuveliswa kumabakala ohlukeneyo, kunye nokuthandabuza okuphezulu kunye neentlobo ze-viscofity ephantsi ezilungiselelwe izicelo ezithile.
Imisebenzi ye-CMC kwi-felling fluids
Ulawulo lwe-Viscosity: I-CMC isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-viscofity yolwelo. Kuyanceda ukwakha isakhiwo esifana nejeli esiphucula ukumiswa kwezithintelo, ukubathintela ukuba bangahlali emazantsi equla. Le ndawo ibalulekile ekugcineni imingxunya ecocekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokuqhuba efanelekileyo yokuqhuba. Amabanga aphezulu e-viscosity ye-CMC asebenza ngokukodwa ekwenzeni ulwelo lwe-viscous enokuphatha ukusika emhlabeni ngempumelelo.
Ulawulo oluqhelekileyo: i-CMC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ilahleko ye-fluid ngexesha lokuqhuba. Kunciphisa ukuqunjelwa kwekhekhe lokucoca i-filter ekwenziwe kwiindonga zequla lenziwe ngokudala ungqimba oluncinci, olusezantsi. Eli nyathelo likunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-fluid ukuya kwimozulu ejikelezileyo, ukugcina ukuthembeka kwe-quelbore kunye nokuthintela umonakalo onokubakho kwiindawo ezine-hydrocarbon. I-viscofity ye-CMC ephantsi ihlala isetyenziselwa iipropathi zayo eziphambili zolawulo.
I-Lubring: Iipropathi ezityhafisayo ze-CMC ukuphucula ukusebenza kwee-fluds, ukunciphisa ukuxabana phakathi komtya we-drill kunye nequla. Olu kuncitshiswa kwembambano kuncipha i-Tortque kwaye irhuqa kumtya wokuntywila, okhokelela ekuthandeni imisebenzi yokuqhuba kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula izixhobo zokumba.
I-Shale I-Staibtion: i-CMC inceda ekuzinziseni imingxunya edibeneyo ngexesha lokuqhuba. Isebenza njenge-colloid ekhuselweyo, esenza isithintelo kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-sule kunye nokuthintela i-hydration yabo kunye nokuchithwa kwazo. Oku kuboniswa kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungazinzi kakuhle, okunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjengokuwa komngxunya kunye neziganeko zombhobho.
Uzinzo lobushushu: i-CMC ibonisa uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, ukugcina iipropathi zayo ezisebenzayo kuluhlu lobushushu oluhlangatyezwane neemeko ze-thoshole. Oku kuzinza kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo kolwelo oluhle ngakumbi nakwiimeko zobushushu obuphakamileyo, zenza ilungele iqula elinzulu nelijongi.
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa i-CMC kwi-fell
Ukungathobeki kwendalo: i-CMC yi-biodegraphid kunye ne-polymer enetyhefu, eyenza ukuba ibe kukhetho olunobuhlobo lwendalo ekuqulunqweni kwe-fluid. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusetyenziswa nemigaqo kunye nemigangatho ejolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuqhuba, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibuthathaka.
Ukusebenza kweendleko: I-CMC ingabizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nelinye i-polymers esetyenziswayo esetyenziselwa ukuntywila. Ukusebenza kwayo okusebenzayo kwiingcinezelo ezincinci kufane negalelo kulondolozo lweendleko ngokunciphisa umthamo ongezelelweyo ongezelelweyo ofunekayo. Ukongeza, amandla ayo okuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nokunciphisa izixhobo kunokukhokelela kwizibonelelo zoqoqosho ezingaphezulu kwezoqoqosho.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto: I-CMC iyahambelana neentlobo ngeentlobo zolwelo ezimbayo, kubandakanya iinkqubo ezisekwe emanzini, ezenziwe ngeoyile, kunye nezokuSebenzisa. Esi sixhobo sokuqala sivumela ukuba sisebenzise isicelo sayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba, ukusuka kwi-onshore ukuya elunxwemeni kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwiiqula ezingaqhelekanga.
Ukusetyenziswa okusetyenziswayo: Ukuzalwa kwe-CMC emanzini kuvumela ukubandakanywa ngokulula kwifomu yokumba. Inokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kulwelo ngaphandle kokufuna iinkqubo zokuxoxwa ezintsonkothileyo, ukwenza lula inkqubo yokulungiselela i-fluid.
Imeko yesicelo
I-flulling esekwe emanzini: kwii-flulling ezisekwe emanzini, i-CMC iqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuphucula i-viscofity, ukulawula ilahleko ye-fluid, kunye nokuzinzisa iqula. Ukusebenza kwayo kwezi zinxibo kubhaliwe kakuhle, kwaye kuhlala kusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nezinye iipolymers kunye noongezelelo ukufezekisa iipropathi ze-fluid onqwenelekayo.
I-flull esekwe kwi-oyile Kwizicelo ezinjalo, i-CMC idla ngokuguqulwa ukuphucula isolula i-oyile okanye ifakiwe kwinqanaba le-aceral ye-emulsion. Indima yayo kwezi i-fluids iyafana neyokugcwala amanzi asekwe emanzini, ebonelela nge-viscofity nolawulo oluqhelekileyo.
Ukugqobhoza amaqondo obushushu aphezulu: Ukufumana imisebenzi ephezulu yobushushu, njengeendlela ze-geothermal, zamabakala ezizodwa ze-CMC ngokuphucula uzinzo lwe-thermal olisetyenzisiweyo. La mabakala agcina ukusebenza kwabo kubushushu obuphakamileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo kwe-fluid yokuntywila.
Ukuphelisa okungafunekiyo: kwi-pilling engaqhelekanga, kubandakanya ukuqhuba ngokuthe tye kunye nokuqhekeka okuthe tye, i-cmc kunceda ekulawuleni imiceli mngeni yejometri exineneyo kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Isakhono sayo sokuzinzisa ilahleko yequla kunye nokulawula ilahleko ixabiseke ngakumbi kwezi meko.
Imiceli mngeni kunye nokuqwalaselwa
Ngelixa i-CMC inika izibonelelo ezininzi ekuqhwaleni ulwelo, imiceli mngeni ethile kunye nokuqwalaselwa kufuneka ilungiswe ekwenzeni ukusetyenziswa kwayo:
Ukuhambelana nezinye izongezelelo: Ukusebenza kwe-CMC kunokuphenjelelwa bubukho bezinye ezongeziweyo kwi-fluid fluid. Ukuqulunqwa ngononophelo kunye nokuvavanywa kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukungasebenzi kwaye kuthintele unxibelelwano olunokubakho olunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-flweid.
Ixesha le-hydration IXESHA: I-CMC inokufuna inani elithile lexesha lokufumana i-hydrate ngokupheleleyo kwaye ifezekise iipropathi ezisebenzayo kwi-fluid fluid. Le nkalo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela kunye nokudibanisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lufikelela kwi-viscofity enqwenelekayo kunye neempawu zolawulo oluqhelekileyo.
Iqondo lobushushu kunye nemvakalelo ye-PH: Ukusebenza kwe-CMC kunokuchaphazeleka ngamaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kunye neemeko ze-ps. Ukukhetha inqanaba elifanelekileyo le-CMC kunye nokulungelelanisa ukwenziwa kwamanzi kunokunciphisa ezi ziphumo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
I-carboxeymethyl seluplose yindawo yokuhambahamba kunye nokusebenza esebenzayo ekubambeni kuLwandleko, ukubonelela ngeenzuzo kulawulo lwe-viscofity, ulawulo oluqhelekileyo, i-sholetion, kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lobushushu. Ukulungelelaniswa kwendalo, ukusebenza kweendleko, kunye nokukhululeka kokusetyenziswa kwenza icandelo elixabisekileyo ekuqhliseni iindlela ezibanzi zezicelo. Njengoko imfuno yemisebenzi esebenzayo nezinzileyo iyaqhubeka ikhula, indima ye-CMC ekwandiseni i-flull fluid fluid fluid iya kuhlala ibalulekile. Ngokujongana nemiceli mngeni enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokwenza ifomu yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ishishini linganyusa amandla apheleleyo e-CMC yokufezekisa iziphumo ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: NgoFebwe-18 ukuya kwi-1825